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Granulation and Production Approaches of Orally Disintegrating Tablets
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Tansel Comoglu, Fatemeh Bahadori
Different kinds of dosage forms have been formulated such as tablets, capsules, suspensions, and injections in the pharmaceutical area. In recent years, there have been increased requirements for more patient-friendly and compliant pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, the requirements for developing new technologies in the pharmaceutical area are increasing every year. Considering these requirements, ODTs have been developed by the pharmaceutical industry [5,10–12]. They are new types of dosage forms that mediate the advantages of both solid and liquid types of drug formulations such as ease of use and stability. Requirements for ODTs have been explained here below, in terms of factors related to patients, efficacy, and manufacturing factors [13].
Wild Plants as a Treasure of Natural Healers
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane Mendes Feitosa
Herbal formulations are important characteristics of designing medicines (Mohamed et al. 2010), which is a stable and acceptable structure formed following a particular formula (www.en.wikipedia.org), which is often used in a dosage form. Based on the method/route of administration, dosage forms come in several types, including many kinds of liquid, solid, and semisolid, but the common dosage forms include the pill, tablet/capsule, drink/syrup. The drug delivery route depends on the dosage form of the active compound. Various dosage forms may occur for a single particular drug, since different medical conditions can permit different routes of administration (www.bbc.co.uk).
Regulatory Challenges in Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Since the issue of SUPAC-SS (Guidance for Industry, Nonsterile Semisolid Dosage Forms) in 1987, FDA has not had any major quality initiative that addresses the specific needs of dermatological products until the publication of the manuscript entitled “Topical Drug Classification” by Buhse et al. in 2005 (Reference 3). The purpose of this manuscript as stated in its Abstract and Introduction was to obtain a scientifically based, systematic classification of dosage forms for topical products so that physicians can be guided by dosage form for desirable physical properties in prescribing topical products for a patient.
Carbopol emulgel loaded with ebastine for urticaria: development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Barkat Ali Khan, Arshad Ali, Khaled M. Hosny, Abdulrahman A. Halwani, Alshaimaa M. Almehmady, Muhammad Iqbal, Waleed S. Alharbi, Walaa A. Abualsunun, Rana B. Bakhaidar, Samar S. A. Murshid, Muhammad Khalid Khan
A topical drug delivery system is used frequently for many skin disorders, including local skin infections, wounds, and allergies. It is especially useful when other routes are less effective or can be associated with severe systemic side effects (Tanwar & Jain, 2012). Several dosage forms are available for topical applications, such as creams, ointments, gels, lotions, and emulgels. However, an emulgel has several advantages. For instance, it is hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic; it can be delivered via an emulgel system; and it is more stable than other topical formulations such as creams, which can break down, and ointments, which can become rancid (Hosny et al., 2019). Additionally, it avoids a first-pass effect, easy to apply, avoids the inconveniences associated with intravenous therapy, avoids fluctuations in drug levels, and can deliver drugs selectively to a targeted area. As it is a noninvasive technique, it eliminates the need for nursing and hospitalization and improves patient compliance (Dannert et al., 2019).
Study on formulation and preparation technology of the composite cellulose-based enteric capsule shells
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Liping Liu, Huaiqin Luo, Yingying Yang, Jinqin Huang, Chang Liu, Qiaoling Ding, Huien Zhang
Hard capsule dosage forms are widely used to encapsulate powders, granules, pellets, nonaqueous liquids, and semisolids because they offer better protection against oxygen, moisture and light until the drug is released [1]. Capsule shell is an essential part of capsule dosage forms. Enteric coating is desirable for the administration of medications that are irritating to the stomach or unstable in gastric acid environment [2]. Enteric coating can delay the release of the drug from the dosage form until it reaches the small intestine. Other types of coatings are also applied to deliver the drug at an intended site of the gastrointestinal tract or to release the drug over an extended time [3]. There are three kinds of methods for the preparation of drug enteric capsules: ① The drug particles or pellets are coated with enteric-coated materials firstly, and then filled into capsule shell [4,5]; ② The enteric-coated materials solution is sprayed on the surface of the capsule shell filled with drugs [6]. ③ The drug is directly filled into the enteric capsule shell [7–9]. Comparing the three methods, the first and second methods have the potential impact of the diffusion and residue of coating solvent on the filling drug, and the potential danger of the volatilization of organic coating solvent on the production workshop. The third method effectively avoids the above problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop enteric capsule shell.
Fabrication and characterization of dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery of allopurinol
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Jianmin Chen, Xinying Liu, Siwan Liu, Zemin He, Sijin Yu, Zhipeng Ruan, Nan Jin
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) are dosage forms for the administration of drugs through the skin to achieve a systemic effect [9]. They have many advantages over conventional oral dosage forms, including sustained drug release, more uniform plasma levels, reduced adverse effects, improved bioavailability, and reduced drug dose [10]. It seems to hold great promise for drug delivery of AP by using TDDS. However, the development of drugs in TDDS has been greatly limited due to the barrier effects of the outmost layer of the skin (stratum corneum, SC), which largely impeded the permeation of drugs across the skin. To circumvent the limitation, researchers have developed numerous technologies that can be divided into two groups (chemical and physical approaches) to improve drug permeation across the skin [11]. Among numerous physical approaches, microneedles (MNs) are one of the most promising techniques for improving the permeability of the SC, since they provide noninvasive drug delivery through micropores created in the skin [12]. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) have been paid much attention recently because of their unique advantages, such as leaving behind no biohazardous sharp tips after usage, self-administered without medical training, easy large-scale production, high biocompatibility, and low cost [13,14]. Therefore, DMNs are promising devices for transdermal drug delivery.