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Natural Product Compounds from Plants in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Priya Darshani, Md TanjimAlam, Prem P. Tripathi, V.S. Pragadheesh
Vinpocetine, a semi-synthetic chemical derived from the vincamine, present in the leaves of Vinca minor L., is used for the treatment of dementia and mental impairment. Vinpocetine is sold as a drug in Europe named Cavinton, whereas, in the United States, it is sold as a dietary supplement to treat memory loss. Vinpocetine has been reported to enhance neurotransmitter production in the brain and improve cerebral metabolism by enhancing the glucose and oxygen consumption in the brain and elevating cerebral cAMP and ATP levels. It has been shown to ameliorate microcirculation and cerebral blood flow by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Vinpocetine has been evaluated in several double-blind clinical trials that demonstrated its significant benefits in patients of AD (Szatmari and Whitehouse, 2003; Balestreri et al., 1987).
Vinca rosea (Madagascar Periwinkle) and Adhatoda vesica (Malabar Nut)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Rajib Hossain, Md Shahazul Islam, Dipta Dey, Muhammad Torequl Islam
Ajmalicine and indole terpene alkaloids isolated from V. rosea have a potential effect on depression and stress (Taha et al., 2008). Vas and Gulyas (2005) demonstrated that Vincamine protects the brain from cerebral disorders and insufficiencies (Vas and Gulyas, 2005). Another isolated compound, serpentine, attenuated anxiety disorder (Hedhili et al., 2007). Vinoceptine is an alkaloid that can increase cognitive abilities and memories, which is advantageous to Alzheimer's disease. In clinical studies of dementia and stroke, vinpocetine at a well-tolerated dosage of up to 60 mg/d showed no notable side effects (Sekar, 1996).
Incorporating dietary supplements with sports-specific training and competition
Published in Jay R Hoffman, Dietary Supplementation in Sport and Exercise, 2019
Gerald T Mangine, Matthew T Stratton
Recently, the definition of nootropics has expanded to include ingredients (e.g., choline derivatives, vinpocetine, phosphatidylserine). One month of supplementation with the choline derivative, cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline; 250–1000 mg), has been reported to enhance measures of attention (92) and memory (2, 127). Long-term supplementation (90–180 days) with another choline derivative, L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC; 400 mg) may help limit cognitive decline (96), while short-term supplementation (600 mg) prior to exercise may improve power and rate of force development (149). Vinpocetine, a derivative of the periwinkle plant, has been shown to improve reaction time and memory in healthy young adults with a 40 mg dose, but not less (131). Finally, the source of phosphatidylserine, bovine- and soy-derived, appears to influence its effectiveness; evidence suggests a potential benefit from bovine-derived and not the more commonly found soy-derived (72–74). Daily supplementation with 200–400 mg may help maintain cognitive performance following exercise (105), improve perceived stress (12) and improve driving accuracy in young golfers through reduced stress and better focus (64).
Behavioral, Biochemical and Histopathological effects of Standardised Pomegranate extract with Vinpocetine, Propolis or Cocoa in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Azza A. Ali, Mona M. Kamal, Mona G. Khalil, Shimaa A. Ali, Hemat A. Elariny, Amany Bekhit, Ahmed Wahid
Vinpocetine is a broad-spectrum antioxidant and neuroprotective agent. It was reported previously to have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of some cerebrovascular diseases. It was previously demonstrated that VIN inhibited oxidative stress, memory impairment, and neuroinflammation via enhancement of the antioxidant defense system and inhibition of neuroinflammatory cytokines. The neuroprotective effect of VIN may be due to modulation of monoamines, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities (Nadeem, Ahmed, & El-Sayeh, 2018). In addition to that, alteration of the rheological properties of red blood cells is a unique mechanism of VIN. This unique mechanism enables the penetration of the small vessels of the cerebro-microvasculature by blood cells to deliver nutrients improving neurocognitive function. Findings from a previous study demonstrated that VIN improved the symptoms of parkinsonism via improvement of the antioxidant defense system and inhibition of neuroinflammatory mediators. Moreover, VIN significantly reduced MDA and increased GSH levels as compared to the control-positive group (Kujawska et al., 2019; Zaitone et al., 2019).
Effect of different doses of borneol on the pharmacokinetics of vinpocetine in rat plasma and brain after intraocular administration
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Qun Ma, Manman Dai, Huimin Zhang, Luyu Bai, Ning He
Vinpocetine (VIN), a vincamine derivative, is an extract from the Vinca minor plant and was the first identified nootropic. Vinpocetine exerts several pharmacological and biochemical effects, including neuroprotection effects, the promotion of brain metabolism, and the improvement of brain microcirculation. VIN was first marketed in Hungary, and is mainly administered orally and intravenously for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases, such as residual cerebral hemorrhage, residual cerebral infarction, and cerebral artery cirrhosis (Bereczki & Fekete, 1999; Lin et al.,2014). However, a previous study clearly showed that its low water solubility (∼5 µg/mL), poor absorption, and first-pass effects resulted in very low oral bioavailability (∼7%) of VIN in humans, which may limit its clinical application (Grandt et al., 1989). Furthermore, VIN has a short elimination half-life (1–2 h) following intravenous administration, resulting in the need to administer frequent doses (three times daily), extensive distribution in the body, and higher drug concentrations in the lung, spleen, liver, and kidney than in the brain (Zhuang et al., 2010). An alternative route of administration may help to overcome these problems.
Cramps and vinpocetine in ALS
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2018
Over the last seven years we treated 27 ALS patients (17 males/12 females, median age, 58 years) suffering from disturbing cramps with vinpocetine (5 mg t.i.d). In these patients phenytoin (100 to 300 mg/day) was considered ineffective (11 patients) or caused important side-effects (16), in particular dizziness, drowsiness and skin rash. In general, phenytoin was associated with vitamin E, magnesium salts, as well as with baclofen in patients with spasticity. Typically these patients were in an early stage of disease progression, with frequent cramps in legs, but in six they were also very troubling in abdominal and axial muscles. All patients were on riluzole (50 mg b.i.d.). Based on the clinical notes, vinpocetine was considered very effective in two patients (complete relief), moderately effective in 10 and mildly effective in 13 patients. In two patients there was no improvement. In responsive patients the treatment persisted for six to 24 months with apparent symptomatic benefit; the drug was weaned when muscles became very wasted. Laboratory tests were performed regularly due to riluzole treatment. No clinical or laboratory side-effect was reported. Nonetheless, no standardized questionnaire was applied.