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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, coniferyl benzoate (5). Reactions to ethyl vanillin in patients allergic to Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru) in one study only occurred in those also reacting to natural vanilla. Conversely, however, patients allergic to vanilla do not necessarily react to ethyl vanillin (5).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Per 100 g, the beans are reported to contain 25.9 to 30.9 g H,O, 2.6 to 4.9 g protein, 4.7 to 6.7 g fat, 30.5 to 32.9 g N-free extract, 7.1 to 9.1 g sugar, 15.3 to 19.6 g fiber, 4.5 to 9.7 g ash. Purseglove et al. dedicate more than four pages of tabulations to the chemistry of vanilla.64 Cured pods contain anisic acid, anisaldehyde, glucovanillin, vanillic acid, and vanillin.42Hager’s Handbook adds vanillyl alcohol, protocatechualdehyde, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, piperonal, anisalcohol, balsam, sugar (15% glucose and fructose, 35% saccharose) enzyme, fatty oil (glycerides of oleic-, palmitic-, and stearic-acid), tannin, resin, mucilage, essential oil, citric-, malic-, oxalic-, and tartaric-acids.33 The aroma compounds include p-hydroxybenzylalcohol, acetaldehyde, diacetyl, furfural, 2.5-methyl-furfurol, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, acetic acid, isobutyric-, caproic-, isovalerianic-, benzoic-, and anisic-acid, guaiacol, /?-cresol, «capric acid, /i-caprylic acid, benzyl benzoate, etc.33
Laccase
Published in René Lontie, Copper Proteins and Copper Enzymes, 1984
Recent studies of the degradation of milled wood lignin by fungal laccase have demonstrated that the substrate is changed on incubation with the enzyme.26 The Mr of most of the milled wood lignin increases due to polymerization reactions. Only a small part of milled wood lignin is degraded to low-Mr products. It has also been shown that fungal laccase is responsible for demethylation of lignin and lignin-related model compounds and this reaction is thought to be an initial step in lignin biodegradation.27,28 Another important reaction in the decomposition of lignin by laccase is side-chain elimination.28,29 Thus, with vanillyl alcohol as substrate both formaldehyde and methanol are liberated by the action of laccase.
Benzyl alcohol suppresses seizures in two different animal models
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Yinhao Violet Wu, Junhan Liu, Ziying Chen, W.Mcintyre Burnham
While BnOH itself may be toxic, structural modifications might reduce its toxicity while retaining its anti-seizure activities. Alternately, other chemicals with structures similar to BnOH might be explored. Vanillyl alcohol, a BnOH with a methoxy group substituted at meta position and a hydroxyl group at para position, have been found to be protective against ferric chloride-induced seizures, perhaps due to its radical scavenging property [21]. Vanillin, an oxidized version of vanillyl alcohol, suppresses generalized seizures in amygdala-kindled animals with an ED50 of 292 mg/kg and shortens the afterdischarge durations [22]. Also, it is possible that low doses of BnOH could potentiate the anti-seizure effect of other drugs, thus producing better formulations of existing AEDs. These possibilities will be explored in future studies.
Noninvasive urine metabolomics of prostate cancer and its therapeutic approaches: a current scenario and future perspective
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Deepak Kumar, Kavindra Nath, Hira Lal, Ashish Gupta
Amante et al. applied an untargeted GC-MS based metabolomics approach and observed that observed the following as discriminant urinary metabolites of PC from BPH: androsterone, 16-hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone, 5-β-pregnanediol, enterodiol, pregnanetriol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and vanillyl alcohol [74]. A panel of the above metabolites provided discriminant potential for PC cohorts with a sensitivity of 92.5 ± 2.2% and a specificity of 88.7 ± 3.9% [74].