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Phytosomes: Preparations, Characterization, and Future Uses
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Palakdeep Kaur, Uttam Kumar Mandal
Sumathi and Senthamarai (2015) developed one phytosomal preparation with Nymphaea nouchal and Trichosanthes dioica (Td). Formulation was prepared by solvent evaporation technique by reacting phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in tetrahydrofuran in dioxane: methanol (7:3) solvent system. Various formulations were prepared with molar ratios of 1:10, 1:8, 1:6, 1:4, 1:2 and 1:1 for Nymphaea nouchal (Nn) and Td, respectively. Various characterizations such as particle size, IR spectroscopy, DSC, drug content, diffusion, and stability studies were performed. The mean particle size was found to be 268 nm for the selected best formulation with Nymphaea nouchal and Td ratio of 1:8. The formulation had an entrapment efficiency of 89%, and it was found to be stable for a significant period of time when tested with specific storage conditions. As compared to standard (Levamisole) and crude drug mixture, the developed phytosomal preparation exhibited significant increase in diffusion rate. The developed formulation had favorable in vitro release characteristics which might be is promising for decreasing the effect of exogenous factors and increasing drug delivery.
Biological Effects of Ayurvedic Formulations
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
G.R. Arun Raj, Kavya Mohan, R. Anjana, Prasanna N. Rao, U. Shailaja, Deepthi Viswaroopan
Paṭōla Kaṭurōhiṇyādi kvātha is a combination of six herbal ingredients viz. Trichosanthes dioica, Picrorhiza kurroa, Pterocarpus santalinus, Marsdenia tenacissima, Tinospora cordifolia and Cissampelos pareira (Upadhyay 1975b). This classical ayurvedic formulation has been reported by many practitioners to be effective in the treatment of liver disorders (Pawar et al. 2015). It is indicated in jaundice, skin disease, vomiting, fever, diseases due to poisoning, viral infections and liver diseases (Rao et al. 2015). It is widely used in the treatment of skin disease involving itching, pigmentation and burning sensations. It is useful in decreasing bad cholesterol and brings forth a potent antitoxic effect. It is used for metabolic corrections, liver dysfunctions and lowered immunity. It is effective in the management of spider poisoning (Sunitha and Hussain 2018b) and ulcers caused by snake bites (Roshni 2017; Vijayan et al. 2018). It improves digestion and relieves anorexia. It is a potent antimicrobial medicine too.
Screening and characterisation of a novel efficient tumour cell-targeting peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor binding proteins
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Min-Lin He, Jin Lei, Xue-Wei Cao, Jian Zhao, Fu-Jun Wang
Trichosanthin (TCS) is a macromolecular active protein extracted from the root tuber of Trichosanthes kirilowii and has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an abortifacient [36]. As a type I ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), TCS is widely used in antitumor research [36–39]. However, unlike type II RIP, TCS has a low transmembrane entry efficiency, which affects its intracellular pharmacological effects. In this study, we analysed and selected a highly homologous 18 amino acid consensus sequences from the C-terminal domain HBD of IGFBPs, named as IHP (IGFBP-HBD-CPP), which was fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to test its transmembrane activity by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The pattern of its differential binding to tumour cells were screened. Subsequently, a fusion protein of TCS and IHP5 was expressed to investigate the toxicity of recombinant protein to various tumour cells.
The Ethanolic Extract of Trichosanthes Kirilowii Root Exerts anti-Cancer Effects in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Resistant to EGFR TKI
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
The root of Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) has been traditionally used in Oriental medicine for the treatment of dry cough, asthma, sputum, sore throat, and diabetes symptoms including thirst [22,23]. Pharmacological studies have reported that the crude extract of TK root or its constituents exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor activities [22–28]. Based on its traditional therapeutic action against lung diseases and the reported pharmacological activities, we hypothesized that the ethanolic extract of the TK root (ETK) has potential anticancer effects in lung cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that ETK suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, supporting our hypothesis [22, 28]. However, the role of ETK in the treatment of NSCLC with EGFR TKI resistance has yet to be reported. In the current study, we investigated whether ETK exhibits anticancer effects in EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells and explored the underlying mechanisms.
TKP, a Serine Protease from Trichosanthes kirilowii, Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Blocking Aerobic Glycolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Plants have served as anticancer pharmaceutical resources, and a number of current anticancer drugs from plants have been reported (4). Trichosanthes kirilowii is a liana that belongs to the cucumber family (Cucurbitaceae) (5). T. kirilowii seed is a popular snack food in China. T. kirilowii possesses many biologically active ingredients such as terpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds, and wood lipoprotein (5–9). Numerous studies have shown that these compounds have various pharmacological activities, including anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-hypoxia, anti-platelet aggregation, sputum, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and anti-oxidation (10). And more notably, some activity constituents extracted from T. kirilowii show effective antitumor activities (11–14). TKP, which is a serine protease extracted from T. kirilowii fruit, exhibits anti-colorectal cancer activity. TKP induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondria pathway (15). Moreover, TKP also inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (16). However, TKP-induced antitumor effect on HCC is still unclear.