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Tosufloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Tosufloxacin has been used with good success rates in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract infections, particularly against common Gram-negative bacterial enteric pathogens, including typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Other indications for which it has been used are genitourinary and gynecological infections, including nonngonococcal urethritis. It has been shown to be equivalent to levofloxacin for the prevention of infections following transrectal biopsy of the prostate (Yamamoto et al., 2008). In addition, tosufloxacin has had good efficacy in treating some hepatobiliary and orthopedic infections (Kohno, 2002). In a study of patients with febrile neutropenia, tosufloxacin was a less effective prophylaxis than moxifloxacin (Shinohara et al., 2013).
Antimicrobial therapy of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2018
Hyunju Lee, Ki Wook Yun, Hoan Jong Lee, Eun Hwa Choi
The role of antibiotic pressure in the rapid increase of resistance is supported by various reasons [18,27]. Prevalence of macrolide resistance is highest in areas where M. pneumoniae infections are prevalent in children and macrolides are widely used [17]. In vitro selection of macrolide-resistant strains has been reported on exposure to macrolides [19]. Moreover, in vitro studies with exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of azithromycin (AZM) showed mutations identical to those identified in naturally occurring resistant organisms [3]. Macrolide-resistant strains have emerged during treatment and molecular mutations were also noted in these strains [28–31]. A recent study from Japan reported that the macrolide-resistance rate decreased by 59.3% in 2014 and 43.6% in 2015 from the highest prevalence of macrolide-resistance rate of 81.6% in 2012 [32]. One cause of this decrease was assumed to be a decrease in use of oral macrolides during this period. Guidelines published by Japan Society of Pediatric Pulmonology/Japanese Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases recommend tosufloxacin, which was approved for pediatric use in Japan in 2010, as a second-line drug when patients remain febrile for 48–72 h following the administration of macrolides [33]. Also, the recommendations include guidance on diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia and antibiotic duration which should be used in the length recommended by each drug [33]. Therefore, reduction of macrolides through antibiotic stewardship may be crucial in control of macrolide-resistance among M. pneumoniae.
Flap suturing endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy assisted by ultrasonic bone aspirator
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Hirohiko Tachino, Hiromasa Takakura, Hideo Shojaku, Michiro Fujisaka, Shinsuke Ito, Yutaro Oi, Anh Tram Do, Chiharu Fuchizawa, Tatsuya Yunoki, Atsushi Hayashi
After the bone was removed and the entire sac was exposed, the lacrimal endoscope was reinserted into the lacrimal sac to push on the medial wall of the sac. Endonasally, the tented lacrimal sac was incised vertically at the center of the exposed sac by a microsurgical knife. Then, the anterior flap between the lacrimal sac mucosa and nasal mucosa was first united by placing a suture at the upper and lower one fourth of the flaps (Figure 1(E)). The posterior flap was united in a similar manner by placing a suture at the upper and lower one fourth of the flaps. A bayonet-type micro needle holder Yasargil FD097R (B. Brown, Tuttlingen, Germany) was easiest to use when suturing with 6-0 PROLENE BV-1 (Ethicon, NJ, USA) in the confined working space. Both the nasal mucosal flap with the periosteum and the lacrimal sac flap were pierced with the suture needle, respectively. To tie the free ends of the suture, the surgical knot was made outside the nose and it was brought in with a Hope knot pusher KP001 (Hope Denshi Co., Chiba, Japan) (Figures 1(F,G) and 2). The suture was cut leaving 2–3 mm of suture material. Finally, a Lacrifast lacrimal intubation tube (Kaneka Medical Products, Osaka, Japan) was placed through the upper and lower puncta and retrieved endonasally (Figure 1(H)). Sorbusan alginate dressing (Alcare, Tokyo, Japan) was placed around the marsupialized lacrimal sac of the lateral nasal wall as packing material and was removed a few days after surgery. Eye drops with tosufloxacin and fluorometholone were administered for one week after surgery. We did not remove the suture after surgery. The lacrimal intubation tube was removed 4 weeks after the operation.