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Nutrition and the Microbiome—Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Kirsten Berding, Sharon Donovan
In 1997, Bolte first hypothesized that Clostridium tetani might be involved in ASD symptomology.14 Since then, a number of studies have shown that the fecal microbiota of children with ASD differs from unaffected, age-matched controls at both the bacterial phylum and genus levels. Specifically, observations of children with ASD have shown a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Clostridia, Prevotella, Coprococcuss, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Staphylococcus, Ruminococcus and Bifidobacterium, and a lower abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and Sutterella and Desulfovibrio.15–19 However, no succinct explanation of this dysbiosis has since emerged.
Microbiome and pregnancy complications
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Maria Carmen Collado, Omry Koren
Changes in the gut microbiota early in pregnancy precede GDM development, as observed in one study reporting an increase in Ruminococcaceae early in pregnancy (12 weeks) in women who subsequently develop GDM (42). A recent study reported changes in α-diversity (species richness) in parallel with an increase in the relative abundance of members of the Firmicutes phylum and a reduction in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria phyla from the second to third trimester in GDM-pregnant mothers (43). In multiple regression models, Faecalibacterium was significantly associated with fasting glucose levels, Collinsella (directly) and Blautia (inversely) with insulin, and with homeostasis-model assessment insulin resistance, while Sutterella was associated with C-reactive protein level (43). GDM modified the gut microbiota of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and differences were maintained 8 months after delivery (39). Pregnant mothers with GDM harbored higher abundance of Actinobacteria phylum and specific bacteria including Rothia, Collinsella, Clostridium (sensu stricto), and Veillonella and Desulfovibrio, and also, a reduced abundance of Faecalibacterium and Anaerotruncus. A lower α-diversity and lower relative abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillus group in meconium from GDM mothers was also reported (44).
Gastrointestinal Tract Development and Its Importance in Toxicology
Published in Shayne C. Gad, Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2018
Alma M. Feldpausch, Joseph V. Rodricks, Rosalind A. Schoof, Brittany A. Weldon
Candon et al. (2015), for example, reported that vancomycin treatment of mice increased levels of Escherichia, Lactobacillus, and Sutterella at the genera level, while decreasing levels of bacteria belonging to the order Clostridia and several families of bacteria. Total bacterial counts remained unchanged. These same investigators found, however, that co-administration of streptomycin, colestin, and ampicillin resulted in nearly complete elimination of gut microbiota in mice. These effects were associated with the appearance of interleukin-17 producing cells in the lamina propria of the ileum and colon, suggestive of a disruption of immune homeostasis (Candon et al., 2015). This is just one example of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the intestine leading to systemic effects.
Campylobacter concisus is prevalent in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with microscopic colitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020
Marta Emilie Yde Aagaard, Karina Frahm Kirk, Hans Linde Nielsen, Irene Harder Tarpgaard, Jesper Bach Hansen, Henrik Nielsen
MC biopsies also rendered a high number of other bacterial isolates resembling C. concisus by growth phenotype. In accordance with previous reports we confirm, that S. wadsworthensis is abundant in biopsies [44,45]. Sutterella wadsworthensis has been associated with diarrhoea and UC, but Mukhopadhya et al. reported a high prevalence in biopsies from both UC patients (83.8%) and HC (86.1%) [44]. Since it has limited effects on intestinal cells in-vitro [45], the bacterium is considered a commensal of the human intestinal microbiota. In contrast, moderate pathogenic effects of C. ureolyticus have been observed [46]. Furthermore, it has been reported in diarrhoeal stool samples [13,46], and more prevalent by PCR detection in UC (21.7%) than in HC (3.08%) biopsies [18]. We isolated a high number of C. ureolyticus in biopsy samples, which is in contrast to findings by Kirk et al. [15], with six isolates in 52 classic IBD patients and none in 26 healthy controls. Therefore, the role of S. wadsworthensis and C. ureolyticus in MC patients should be elucidated in future studies.
Pre-colonization with the commensal fungus Candida albicans reduces murine susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection
Published in Gut Microbes, 2018
Laura Markey, Lamyaa Shaban, Erin R. Green, Katherine P. Lemon, Joan Mecsas, Carol A. Kumamoto
The normalized abundance of the 28 genera was compared between Cd-challenged mice with or without C. albicans or IL-17A using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test (Table S1). Of the 28 genera that met the criterion for analysis, 7 exhibited a statistically significant difference between at least two of the three experimental groups (Fig. 4C and bold text within Table S1). These included the abundant genera Akkermansia sp. (phylum Verrucomicrobia) and Sutterella sp. (phylum Proteobacteria) and the relatively rare genera Bifidobacterium sp. (phylum Actinobacteria), Adlercreutzia sp. (phylum Actinobacteria), and unidentified genera within the family Comamonadaceae (phylum Proteobacteria), the family Erysipelotrichaceae (phylum Firmicutes) and the family S24-7 (phylum Bacteroidetes).
Characterization of gut microbiota composition and functions in patients with chronic alcohol overconsumption
Published in Gut Microbes, 2019
Steinar Traae Bjørkhaug, Håvard Aanes, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Jørgen G. Bramness, Stine Malvik, Christine Henriksen, Viggo Skar, Asle W. Medhus, Jørgen Valeur
We found higher relative abundance of genera Sutterella (Proteobacteria), Holdemania and Clostridium (both Firmicutes) in alcohol overconsumers. Previous studies have concluded that Sutterella species are possible pro-inflammatory agents.19 Leclerq et al. discovered decreasing amounts of Holdemania and Clostridium (patients with high intestinal permeability) after three weeks of sobriety in patients with previous alcohol overconsumption.20 Species from these genera may play a role in the pathophysiological development of other medical conditions, but this is presently unclear.