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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Drugs that have caused contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis from topical application, but are not discussed in a separate monograph (chapter), are shown in table 3.228.1 Most are ‘historical’ allergens, that are currently not in use anymore. Various sulfonamides such as sulfanilamide (Chapter 3.323), sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, and sulfadiazine were used on a large scale during and after the second world war on wounds and to treat cutaneous infections, but they caused many cases of sensitization and the topical use of most was gradually abandoned in many countries (23,24). Nevertheless, in Bari, Italy, in the period 1968-1977, 8.2% of 3758 consecutive patients still reacted to ‘sulfonamide’ 5% pet., although the frequency steeply dropped to 0.2% in the following years 1978-1983 (21). Some sulfonamides (notably sulfanilamide) also caused photosensitization; most patients recovered but some developed persistent light reactions (22). Sulfonamide is stated to have cause erythema multiforme-like allergic contact dermatitis (25).
Antibiotics: The Need for Innovation
Published in Nathan Keighley, Miraculous Medicines and the Chemistry of Drug Design, 2020
Sulphonamides proved effective against a wide range of infections and further developments extended the range to a number of gram-positive bacteria, especially pneumococci and meningococci. There were limitations to sulphonamides; they proved ineffective against Salmonella, and typhoid and problems arose in how the drugs were metabolised; often producing toxic by-products. Hence, sulpha drugs were eventually superseded by penicillin. Prior to the development of penicillin though, sulpha drugs were the antibiotics of choice for infectious diseases and are noted for saving Winston Churchill’s life after falling ill during Second World War. Sulphonamides have been particularly useful against intestinal infections. Succinyl sulfathiazole (Figure 3.1) is a pro-drug of sulfathiazole; the succinyl moiety contains an acidic group, which becomes ionised in the weakly alkaline conditions in the intestine. As a result, it is not absorbed into the blood steam and is retained in the intestine. Slow enzymatic hydrolysis of the succinyl group releases the active sulfathiazole where it is needed.
Antiseptics, antibiotics and chemotherapy
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
During their study of Prontosil, Colebrook and Kenny found that during therapy the patients’ skin had acquired ‘a slightly red or terra-cotta tinge in several of the cases who received large doses of the drug. The urine is always deeply tinged by the dye during the treatment’. The vivid color was caused by the non-active dye component of the Prontosil. It was soon discovered that sulfanilamide was the clinically active portion and that drug went on to replace Prontosil as the treatment of choice in puerperal sepsis. The discovery that sulfanilamide had antibacterial effects led to experimentation with other sulfas and soon sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine were introduced.
2-Aminoimidazoles as potent inhibitors of contaminating brewery biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Lene Jacobs, Jolien Meesters, Ilse Parijs, Geert Hooyberghs, Erik V. Van der Eycken, Bram Lories, Hans P. Steenackers
The biofilm specificity of the selected compounds was also determined, as inhibitory effects on planktonic growth are associated with rapid resistance development. At 50 µM, sulfathiazole caused significant reductions in the planktonic growth in 5 out of the 12 models, the highest number out of all the top six inhibitors (Supplementary Data Figures A and B). Tannic acid, the best inhibitor based on the number of models with a biofilm biomass reduction, caused a significant reduction in planktonic growth at 50 µM in 4 out the 12 models, including one of the seven models where significant biofilm inhibition was observed. At the same concentration, imi-AAC-5 reduced the planktonic growth in two separate models, but not in those where biofilm inhibition was observed. Baicalein, imi-AAC-3 and polyphenol ellagic acid did not reduce planktonic growth at 50 µM. In the case of 25 µM, planktonic growth was significantly reduced in three models by tannic acid, including one in which the biofilm was also inhibited. Two models showed planktonic growth inhibition, but no biofilm inhibition, when treated with 25 µM sulfathiazole. Additionally, two other models showed planktonic growth inhibition when treated with 25 µM baicalein, which was associated with biofilm inhibition in one of them. The 2-aminoimidazoles, imi-AAC-5 and imi-AAC-3, and polyphenol ellagic acid did not affect planktonic growth in any of the models at this concentration.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiazole-naphthalene derivatives as potential anticancer agents and tubulin polymerisation inhibitors
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Guangcheng Wang, Wenjing Liu, Meiyan Fan, Min He, Yongjun Li, Zhiyun Peng
Thiazole is an important heterocyclic scaffold widely found in a range of synthetic bioactive molecules, which has attracted considerable attention in drug discovery over the past decade. Thiazole derivatives displayed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, and antibacterial activities12–14. Several thiazole-containing drugs have been approved for clinical use, such as sulphathiazole, ravuconazole, ritonavir, and meloxicam. It's important to note that thiazole could be used as a promising scaffold for the development of anticancer agents15–17. Over the last few years, numerous thiazole derivatives have been reported to show potent anticancer activity by inhibiting tubulin polymerisation (Figure 1, I–IV)18–21.
Use of laser therapy in the treatment of severe rhinophyma: a report of two cases
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Adam Borzęcki, Monika Turska, Beata Strus-Rosińska, Agnieszka Sajdak-Wojtaluk
Isotretinoin was administered at a dose of 20 mg per day for 3 months, resulting in reduced inflammation and seborrhea. Afterward, laser treatment was administered starting with nasal superficial vessels occlusion with the use of Nd:YAG laser which was performed 6 weeks prior to reduction of nasal tumor tissues with CO2 laser. Ablation was performed by cutting and evaporation with a CO2 laser under local anesthesia with lidocaine/prilocaine topical cream and injection of 1% lidocaine. After the procedure, ointment with sulfathiazole was used. About 6 weeks later, fractional CO2 laser treatment was performed in order to remove and smooth the nasal surface. Photographic documentation of laser procedure is shown in Figures 4–8.