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Retapamulin
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Retapamulin is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic. This drug is usually bacteriostatic in action, but may become bactericidal at higher concentrations. It inhibits protein synthesis by (I) binding a component of the bacterial ribosome that affects normal 50S subunit formation, (II) blocking ribosomal P-site interactions, and (III) inhibiting peptidyl transferase. The interaction with bacterial ribosomes is unique from other topical antibiotics and prevents cross-resistance (3). Retapamulin is indicated for the topical treatment of impetigo due to Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates only) or Streptococcus pyogenes and secondarily infected traumatic lesions (1).
Retapamulin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Retapamulin (previously SB-275833) is the first topical antibiotic developed from the new class of semisynthetic pleuromutilin class of antimicrobial agents. It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2007 for the topical treatment of impetigo in patients 9 months old and above under the name brand Altabax and obtained European marketing authorization in 2007, as Altargo 10 mg/g ointment, for the short-term treatment of impetigo and infected small lacerations, abrasions, or sutured wounds for adults and children above the age of 9 months (GlaxoSmithKline, 2015).
Formaldehyde as an alternative to antibiotics for treatment of refractory impetigo and other infectious skin diseases
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Philip Nikolic, Poonam Mudgil, John Whitehall
Impetigo is usually treated with topical antibiotic creams but if the infection is more severe or is a case of refractory impetigo, an oral antibiotic will be administered instead. The first choice creams for topical treatment of impetigo are fusidic acid and mupirocin. The use of a topical cream is preferred to an oral antibiotic as it results in fewer side effects [42]. Strains of S. aureus resistant to two common antibiotics used for the treatment of impetigo, fusidic acid [43] and mupirocin [44], have been reported. This growing resistance has led to the use of retapamulin as an alternative treatment option [45].
A comparative review of current topical antibiotics for impetigo
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Eugenio Galindo, Adelaide A Hebert
Retapamulin is a novel bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor belonging to the class of compounds known as pleuromutilins. These compounds inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis by binding to a specific site on the 50s subunit of bacterial ribosome and are considered to be bacteriostatic. As the unique mechanism of action, target-specific cross-resistance is reported to not occur [7]. At concentrations of 1,000 the in vitro MIC retapamulin has shown bactericidal activity [8] The antibiotic is highly active in vitro against (MRSA) but generally has low activity against enterococci and gram negative bacteria.
Ozenoxacin: a review of preclinical and clinical efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Jordi Vila, Adelaide A Hebert, Antonio Torrelo, Yuly López, Marta Tato, María García-Castillo, Rafael Cantón
Of 875 patients who participated in phase III clinical trials of ozenoxacin [57], a single adult patient (<0.1%) receiving ozenoxacin had two adverse events (worsening of pre-existing rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis) which were considered possibly or probably related to treatment. Placebo-related events were dermatitis and skin tightness, and events related to retapamulin 1% ointment were application site pain and urticaria. As no treatment-related adverse event occurred in more than one subject, no patterns or safety signals were identified.