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Chemistries of Chemical Warfare Agents
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Terry J. Henderson, Ilona Petrikovics, Petr Kikilo, Andrew L. Ternay Jr., Harry Salem
Both sarin and soman react with aqueous potassium peroxymonosulfate, KHSO5, to produce their corresponding phosphonic acids (Yang et al., 1992). Valuable studies on the use of hypervalent iodine derivatives, shown in the following diagram, to hydrolyze phosphorus esters have also been reported (Moss et al., 1983, 1984, 1986; Katritzky et al., 1988):
Human Noroviruses
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
G. Sanchez, W. Randazzo, D.H. D'Souza
Broad-spectrum contact surface disinfectants have been evaluated using FCV-F9 for their antiviral properties. Potassium peroxymonosulfate (KPMS), a known oxidizer typically used to disinfect water in swimming pools, was reported to reduce FCV-F9 and MNV-1 titers to undetectable levels from an initial 5 log PFU/mL within 2 hours at room temperature.198 Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL was reported to reduce FCV-F9 by 2.87, 3.08, and 3.25 log PFU/mL from initial titers of 7 log PFU/mL after 2 hours at room temperature, while MNV-1 (at initial titers of 5 log PFU/mL) was found to be undetectable after treatment with 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL BAC for 2 hours at room temperature, indicating that longer times were needed for inactivation by slow-acting BAC.198
Noroviruses: Laboratory Surrogates for Determining Survival and Inactivation
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Doris H. D’Souza, Snehal S. Joshi
FCV-F9 has been utilized as a surrogate in determining improved inactivation strategies against HNoVs in foods and on contact surfaces, such as chemical, nonthermal, and thermal treatments (refer to Tables 5.1 through 5.3). Broad-spectrum contact surface disinfectants have been evaluated using FCV-F9 for their antiviral properties. Potassium peroxymonosulfate (KPMS) at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL was reported to reduce FCV-F9 titers to undetectable levels from an initial 5 and 7 log PFU/mL within 2 h at room temperature [28]. Similarly, benzalkonium chloride (BAC) at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL was reported to reduce FCV-F9 by 2.87, 3.08, and 3.25 log PFU/mL from an initial 7 log PFU/mL after 2 h at room temperature [28]. D’Souza and Su reported that FCV-F9 could be inactivated to non-detectable levels (6.84 log PFU/mL reduction) after a contact time of 30 s with 10% bleach (0.6% sodium hypochlorite, 5000 ppm available chlorine) and 2% trisodium phosphate (TSP) [29]. A neutral solution of electrochemically activated anolyte Ecasol was reported to reduce FCV-F9 titers by more than 5 log within 1 min of treatment at room temperature [30].
Discovery of 3-alkyl-5-aryl-1-pyrimidyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives as a novel selective inhibitor scaffold of JNK3
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Youri Oh, Miyoung Jang, Hyunwook Cho, Songyi Yang, Daseul Im, Hyungwoo Moon, Jung-Mi Hah
The synthetic process of 3-alkyl-5-aryl-1-pyrimidyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives is shown in Scheme 1. We started with methyl ketones containing various aryl groups substituted (1) and formed enolate with sodium methoxide to react with dimethyl oxalate to produce beta ketone (2)15. The Knorr pyrazole synthesis was employed to form the pyrazole cores (3) using hydrazinyl pyrimidine and beta ketone16. After that, pyrazoyl ester was converted to alcohol (4) using lithium aluminium hydride17. The nitrile was introduced by the SN2 reaction with sodium cyanide following mesylation (5). Through the oxidation with potassium peroxymonosulfate of methyl sulphide to methylsulfone, a variety of amino groups were introduced to the pyrimidyl moiety (SNAr)18,19; then the terminal amino group was deprotected and acylated to give the final products (7a–d, 10a–f). For compounds 7e–f, 8a–f, and 9a–f, cyclopropylcarboxylated amine were directly incorporated. The terminal nitrile group was changed to an ester (11a) and carboxamide (12a) through Scheme 2. They were synthesised through hydrolysis of the 10a performed at different conditions.