China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Environmental Factors Impacting Bioactive Metabolite Accumulation in Brazilian Medicinal Plants
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Camila Fernanda de Oliveira Junkes, Franciele Antonia Neis, Fernanda de Costa, Anna Carolina Alves Yendo, Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
The effect of salinity on secondary metabolism is dual depending on severity and has been relatively less described for medicinal plants. Among Brazilian medicinal plants, there are several examples of the positive effect of moderate salinity on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In plants and seedlings of Dimorphandra mollis Benth, the fava-de-anta, present in the cerrado vegetation, quercetin, isoquercitrin and rutin amounts generally increased under water stress by drought, flooding and salinity (NaCl 75 mM) (Lucci and Mazzafera, 2009a, 2009b). Physalis angulata L., common throughout Brazil, also accumulated more physalin in leaves after 13 days exposure to saline solution 0.9%, in spite of showing biomass reduction (de Souza et al., 2013). Saponins from leaf disks of Q. brasiliensis were significantly increased by application of osmotic stress agents, such as sodium chloride 150 mM or isosmotic concentrations of sorbitol and polyethylene glycol (de Costa et al., 2013).
Miscellaneous Withanolides
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
Apoptosis induced by physalin A (Fig. 29.25) in HT1080 cells is associated with up-regulation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression (He et al. 2013). Physalin A induces apoptosis and autophagy in A375-S2 cells (He et al. 2014).
Macrophage polarization: an effective approach to targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Yaoyao Du, Lan Rong, Yuanhua Cong, Lan Shen, Ning Zhang, Bing Wang
Physalinsare modified steroids isolated from Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae) [183]. Physalin D has a high content and is an active ingredient in physalins with minimal cytotoxicity. It exerts anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, and proapoptotic effects and has strong immunomodulatory function [184]. Ding et al. revealed for the first time that physalin D has the ability to regulate the polarization of macrophages [185]. The experimental results showed that physalin D treatment increased the expression of CD206, decreased the expression of iNOS in M1 macrophages, and prevented LPS/IFN-γ from repolarizing M2 phenotype toward M1 phenotype [185]. These results prove that physalin D can not only polarize M1 macrophages toward M2 macrophages but also protect M2 macrophages to maintain the M2 phenotype. From protein level analysis, physalin D upregulated the levels of Arg1 and IRF4 and down regulated the levels of iNOS and IRF5. This ability has also been verified in invivo experiments; at the molecular level, the polarization function can be attributed to physalin D inhibiting STAT1 activation and nuclear translocation associated with M1 polarization and promoting STAT6 activation and nuclear translocation associated with M2 polarization [185].
Xenobiotic C-sulfonate derivatives; metabolites or metabonates?
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Physalin A is a naturally occurring steroid of the withanolide category that has been isolated from Physalis alkekengi (Chinese lantern, winter cherry), a perennial herbaceous plant of the nightshade (Solinaceae) family and native to southern Europe, south Asia and Japan (Dessaignes & Chautard, 1852; Matsuura et al., 1970). The steroid has been employed, together with other physalin derivatives, in traditional Chinese herbal medicines (franchet groundcherry fruit; jindenglong) and has found usage as an antimicrobial, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory agent. It is presently being investigated as a potential anticancer agent (He et al., 2013a,b; Zhu et al., 2016).
Two sulfonate metabolites of physalin A in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Hongxia Liu, Kai Wang, Guiyang Xia, Kun Wang, Liwei Chai, Paul Owusu Donkor, Liqin Ding, Feng Qiu
However, research reports on the metabolic profiles of physalin A in vivo are few, and the metabolic properties involved have not been fully elucidated. Due to the significant biological activities of physalin A and the growing global interest in the use of natural products as medical remedies, dietary supplements and “natural” food products, the demand to reveal and clarify the metabolic fate of physalin A has been increasing. The objectives of the study were to identify the metabolites in feces of rats after the oral administration of physalin A using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and NMR, and to further confirm their structures by chemical synthesis.