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Antimicrobial Preservative Efficacy and Microbial Content Testing*
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Scott V.W. Sutton, Philip A. Geis
One can add several concentrations of the neutralizer to the peptone water system and compare the number of microbial survivors of the 30-min exposure in the neutralizer–peptone solution to the number of 30-min peptone control survivors. This comparison yields the MTC of neutralizer that does not decrease the microbial survivors of the targeted microorganism.
Rest in Neurasthenia and Allied States
Published in Francis X. Dercum, Rest, Suggestion, 2019
At times when the difficulty of digestion is very pronounced, it may be necessary to resort for short periods to various meat, oyster or clam broths, or to some of the liquid beef preparations found in the market. It is not necessary to specify any of the latter; their number is considerable. They are valuable, of course, in direct proportion to the amount of peptones they contain. Some of the most extensively advertised preparations, however, consist chiefly of alcohol, and the fact of their alcoholic nature must be considered very carefully in prescribing them and in regulating their dosage. The best of them contains but little nutriment. A resort to broths or beef preparations in rest cases can, of course, only be regarded as a temporary expedient necessitated by pronounced indigestion, persistent nervous vomiting, temporary disgust for food, or other complication. How imperfectly these substances answer the purposes of food is proved by the fact that during their exclusive use the weight of the patient inevitably falls. Occasionally one of the peptone preparations can be added to milk in small quantities—a mixture which is occasionally preferred by some patients to whom the ordinary taste of milk is repulsive.
Historical perspectives of allergen immunotherapy
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
David Fitzhugh, Sheldon G. Cohen, Richard Evans
The first use of an orally administered pollen-related preparation appeared in the homeopathic literature of 1890 with the description of “ambrose,” a tincture of fresh flower heads and young shoots, recommended for the treatment of hay fever [151]. Impressed by an experience in which asthma caused by inhalation of ipecac was prevented with drop doses of syrup or tincture of ipecac, Curtis explored a like possibility in hay fever. In 1900—in conjunction with introduction of flower and pollen vaccines—he noted preliminary efficacious results with tincture and fluid extracts of ragweed flowers and pollen taken by mouth [19]. Touart later reported varying responses in six patients given enteric-coated tablet triturates of grass and ragweed pollen [65]. In 1927, Black demonstrated that large doses of orally administered ragweed extract effectively lowered nasal threshold responses to inhalational challenges [153] but later reported a large series of patients with results less favorable than could be expected after injection treatments [154]. Urbach attempted to bypass distressing gastrointestinal symptoms following ingestion of pollen vaccines by advocating oral administration of specific pollen digest peptones (propetan) [155]. Since collection of pollen supplies was difficult, Urbach prepared peptone derivatives of blossoms of trees, grasses, and grass seeds for use as orally administered allergens [156]. Passive transfer experiments by Bernstein and Feinberg calculated that more than a pound of raw pollen would be required orally to reach a circulating antigen concentration obtained by injection of maximally tolerated doses of pollen vaccine [157]. Also, a multicenter, collaborative, placebo-controlled study conducted later confirmed the lack of efficacy of this method [158].
Recent advances in proteolytic stability for peptide, protein, and antibody drug discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Xianyin Lai, Jason Tang, Mohamed E.H. ElSayed
Many more ubiquitous peptidases like plasmin and furin circulate in blood. Thimet oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) is a metalloprotease associated with peptide processing in nervous system structures. It degrades several peptides, including bradykinin, amyloid beta, and the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules [77]. Nardilysin (3.4.24.61) is a metalloendopeptidase and promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines [78]. Neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase, NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) is a membrane-bound zinc-metallopeptidase enzyme and cleaves various peptides, including natriuretic and bombesin-like peptides, endothelin-1, and substance P [79]. Numerous peptidases are expressed in various tissues and secreted into plasma. Whether the peptidases are concerns for peptide, protein, and antibody drugs depends on the peptidase concentration in the blood.
Continuous flow system for biofilm formation using controlled concentrations of Pseudomonas putida from chicken carcass and coupled to electrochemical impedance detection
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Daoyuan Yang, José I. Reyes-De-Corcuera
The concentration changes of the original and the diluted bacterial suspensions (log CFU ml−1) for 100-fold, 1,000-fold and 10,000-fold dilution were monitored for up to 63 h to ensure that the flow system produced consistent bacterial concentrations. As shown in Figure 3, throughout the entire experiments, the original bacterial suspension stayed at 8.6 ± 0.2, 8.5 ± 0.1 or 8.7 ± 0.4 log CFU ml−1, and the diluted bacterial suspension stayed at 6.8 ± 0.3, 5.5 ± 0.2 or 5.1 ± 0.6 log CFU ml−1 corresponding to the 100-fold, 1,000-fold or 10,000-fold dilution, respectively. The variability of the diluted cell suspensions concentration was small throughout the individual experiment up to 63 h and among the experimental replicates, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed flow system and its potential to mimic conditions found in food systems. However, for water distribution systems as an example, further dilution is necessary. The inner surface of the SS tubes, different from most commonly used grids or coupons, were used as the biofilm attaching surface, since SS is the major material used in the food industry. Peptone water was chosen to dilute the bacterial suspension because it can maintain bacterial counts constant by providing a nutrient source for a short time and minimizing cell death.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesized silver nanoparticles inhibit cell proliferation and induce ROS mediated apoptosis in thyroid cancer cell line (TPC1)
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Jinmei Yang, Qiang Wang, Chunxiao Wang, Ruiyi Yang, Mukhtar Ahmed, Subramanian Kumaran, Periyannan Velu, Bo Li
The synthesis of nanomaterial by means of the microbial process provides an extensive variety of green and environmentally desirable technique; low-fee production and much less time required [10]. Therefore, the yield effective, harmless, consistent, clean and environmentally friendly methods have required for the preparation of the nanoparticles. The microorganism for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) displays great interest in the formation of AgNPs because of its resistant potential to the metals. Synthesis of nanoparticles using cell filtrate could be efficient than the intracellular synthesis [11]. The microbial growth medium contains peptone, yeast extract, dextrose and other important growth factors, some of which may have potential reducing and stabilizing ability as stated in previous reports [12].