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Cooking for Diabetes Prevention
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Grace Rivers
Consumption of whole grains has been linked with lower risk of T2D, even after taking the effect of body weight into account. Estimates from observational studies show that comparing higher to lower intake of whole grains or cereal fiber is associated with about 20%–30% lower risk of T2D (Della Pepa, Vetrani, Vitale, & Riccardi, 2018). Additionally, every 30 g/day serving of whole grains is associated with 13% lower risk of T2D (Schwingshackl et al., 2017). The benefits of whole grain intake extend to T2D patients, where it is associated with lower risk of mortality (He, Van Dam, Rimm, Hu, & Qi, 2010). The evidence for refined grain consumption in relation with T2D is less conclusive (Schwingshackl et al., 2017). However, there is some evidence for specific processed grains. For instance, consuming more white rice is associated with greater risk of T2D, especially in Asian populations where it is a primary source of calories (E. A. Hu, Pan, Malik, & Sun, 2012). Furthermore, replacing white rice with either brown rice or other whole grains was associated with decreased risk of T2D (Sun et al., 2010).
Evolution of Hemodialysis Technology
Published in Sirshendu De, Anirban Roy, Hemodialysis Membranes, 2017
Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) are two materials that are now in use for hemodialysis membrane synthesis. Akira Saito,37 in collaboration with Kuaray Company, synthesized the first EVAL membrane with the desired pore size. Two commercial products, namely, KF101 C-2 (hemofilter) and C-2B (hemodialyzer), were developed.46–49 Patients treated with EVAL dialyzers had fewer complaints of joint pain and DRA.50 PMMA was developed due to the same problems associated with high-flux dialysis treatment. PMMA has high hydrophobicity, due to which the polymer does not swell in water, which in turn leads to crystal formation post phase inversion.51 A different route was adopted to solve the issue, and this involved the formation of a stereocomplex between isotactic PMMA and syndiotactic PMMA. This in turn led to thermoreversible sol–gel phase transition, which can be explained on the basis of hydrogen bonding between the two PMMA structures.51 PSf derivatives, namely, polyethersulfone (PES) and polyester polymer alloy (PEPA) dialyzers, are also commercially available.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Published in Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita, Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
Education: Building the palliative care capabilities of the existing and future health and aged care workforce underpins the delivery of best evidence-based palliative care [75]. The Palliative Care Curriculum for Undergraduates (PCC4U) program, funded as part of the National Palliative Care Program, aims to build undergraduate medical, nursing, and allied health trainees palliative care capabilities [76]. This online competency-based program is used in 39% of relevant university courses across Australia [76], with a concerted ongoing effort to increase uptake. For the existing health workforce, the Program of Experience in the Palliative Approach (PEPA) has funded a range of health workers (doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, and Aboriginal health workers) to gain shortterm palliative care experience in a range of care settings and build a mentoring network between the specialist and nonspecialist workforce [65].
Evaluating an intervention to increase meaningful activity after severe traumatic brain injury: A single-case experimental design with direct inter-subject and systematic replications
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Robyn L Tate, Donna Wakim, Linda Sigmundsdottir, Wendy Longley
In conclusion, the results of this study add to the evidence for the effectiveness of goal-directed interventions, including for people with clinical levels of apathy after TBI. For people who cannot work after TBI, an intervention such as the PEPA provides a means of experiencing enjoyment and pleasure with new activities and social contacts and is also a way to fill the “24/7” void with meaningful non-vocational activity. The PEPA is an intervention that emphasises skill development for participants, carers and families to allow for engagement in meaningful activities in the context of cognitive, emotional and physical symptoms of TBI. Importantly, as this study demonstrates, it can also be a gateway to better mental health and improved community participation.
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders: focus on animal models
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2019
Elizabeth A. Kulikova, Alexander V. Kulikov
In order to eliminate these shortcomings of pCPA, the chloride radical in the para-position has been replaced by ethynyl radical and a new drug – para-ethynylphenylalanine (pEPA) has been synthesized [73]. In vitro, pEPA is a potential inhibitor of recombinant TPH (Ki = 32.6 uM) [73]. Single pEPA administration (30 mg/kg, ip) dramatically reduces the 5-HT level and the TPH2 activity in rat brain for 24 h [73]. However, pEPA is rarely used as the TPH2 inhibitor and nowadays there are only three references in PubMed concerning the application of this drug in 5-HT depletion in the brain [73,75,76].