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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Oxybuprocaine is a benzoate ester and local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine binds to sodium channels and reversibly stabilizes the neuronal membrane which decreases its permeability to sodium ions. Oxybuprocaine is used to temporarily numb the front surface of the eye so that the eye pressure can be measured (tonometry) or a foreign body removed. In pharmaceutical products, oxybuprocaine is employed as oxybuprocaine hydrochloride (CAS number 5987-82-6, EC number 227-808-8, molecular formula C17H29CIN2O3) (1).
Effect of Penetration Angle and Velocity During Intravitreal Injection on Pain
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Amir Sternfeld, Michal Schaap-Fogler, Assaf Dotan, Bashir Alaa, Elinor Megiddo, Rita Ehrlich, Eitan Livny
The preparation for the injection was similar for all patients. A topical anesthetic (Oxybuprocaine HCL; Localin, Fischer Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bnei Brak, Israel) was applied at 20 minutes, 10 minutes, and immediately prior to the injection. The periocular skin and eyelids were cleaned with 5% povidone iodine, and a sterile lid speculum was inserted while patients were asked to look down. The injection site was located in the upper right quadrant (upper temporal of the right eye and upper nasal of the left eye), 4 mm from the limbus in phakic eyes and 3.5 in pseudophakic and aphakic eyes. A cotton-tipped applicator soaked with 5% povidone iodine was pressed against the injection site for 30 seconds, and the agent was injected using a 27-gauge needle. The needle was removed, and single drop of ofloxacin (Oflox, Fischer Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bnei Brak, Israel) was instilled. The speculum was then removed as well.
The effect of contact lens wear on retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Talia Aviram, Idan Beeri, David Berkow, Shiri Zayit‐soudry, Eytan Z Blumenthal, Yinon Shapira
Pharmacological dilation was applied (1% tropicamide) to the right eye of each patient prior to performing a baseline refraction assessment using an autorefractometer (RK‐F2; Canon Inc., Newport News, VA, USA) without a contact lens. Next, two consecutive SD‐OCT macular volume scans (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) were obtained by the same experienced operator. The eye was first imaged without a contact lens, using the ‘Dense’ protocol of the ‘Retinal’ application. This scanning protocol produced 49 macular B‐scans across the macula, each composed of 1,024 A‐scans.2017 Thereafter, two drops of 0.4% oxybuprocaine were instilled to the eye at 90‐second intervals. Subsequently, one of three contact lenses was placed onto the eye. Subjects routinely wearing a soft non‐toric contact lens for best spherical correction were asked to use their own lens. In cases where the subject had not routinely worn refractive correction, a plano soft contact lens (PureVision; Bausch & Lomb, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA) was used. For subjects manifesting clinically significant astigmatism for which they have routinely worn toric spectacle correction, a single qualified optometrist skilled in RGP contact lens fitting (DB) fitted patients with the Soflex (CooperVision Ltd., Israel) gas permeable rigid contact lens. The fitting was customised to each patient's corneal curvature using the baseline keratometric parameters, according to the manufacturer's fitting guidelines. In all patients, lenses were allowed to settle for at least 15-minutes prior to retinal imaging.
Lenticule Thickness Accuracy and Influence in Predictability and Stability for Different Refractive Errors after SMILE in Chinese Myopic Eyes
Published in Current Eye Research, 2019
Dan Wang, Yu Li, MingShen Sun, Ning Guo, FengJu Zhang
An experienced surgeon performed all of the SMILE procedures（Prof. Zhang）. The VisuMax femtosecond laser system (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) with a rate of 500 kHz was used for these procedures. The intended cap thickness was 120 μm and the diameter of the optical zone was 6.0–6.5 mm. The surgical procedure was performed under topical anesthesia with 2–3 drops of oxybuprocaine eye drops for 3 min (Benoxil, Santen, Inc, Japan). A standard eyelid speculum was used to keep the eye open. The eye was positioned under the curved contact glass of the femtosecond laser and fixated on a blinking target. Suction was applied when the center of the pupil was centered to the contact lens. The posterior of the refractive lenticule was created from the periphery to the center of the cornea, and the anterior surface was created from the center to the periphery. Finally, a small incision (2 mm) was created at the 12 o’clock position. After laser treatment, a blunt dissector was used followed by lenticule extraction through the small incision.5 The surgical procedure was performed as described in Wu et al.5 All patients received one drop of topical ofloxacin 0.3% (Tarivid; Santen, Inc, Osaka, Japan) at the end of the procedure, and postoperatively four times a day for 10–14 days. Fluorometholone 0.1% (Flumetholon; Santen, Inc, Osaka, Japan) was also applied four times a day for 1 week and then tapered over 9 days. Artificial tears were used four times a day for 4 weeks or more.