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Processing of Bamboo Shoots
Published in Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht, Bamboo Shoot, 2020
Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht
Osmotic dehydration is the process of partial removal of water from plant tissues by immersion in a hypertonic solution and is considered a valuable tool in minimal processing of foods. Sugar or salt solutions are used to reduce the moisture content of foods before the actual drying process and give the product a quality improvement over the conventional drying process such as reducing the damage of heat to the flavour, colour, inhibiting the browning of enzymes and decrease the energy costs.
Sequential asymmetric third order rotatable designs (SATORDs)
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2022
M. Hemavathi, Eldho Varghese, Shashi Shekhar, Seema Jaggi
Response surface methodology is a widely used optimization method that permits analysis of the simultaneous effect of various independent factors with a minimum number of experimental runs applied in various fields of sciences viz., agricultural and allied science, food science and technology, biotechnology, biochemistry, farm machinery, fisheries, etc. for finding an optimal combination of factors in; crop yield, the extraction process, osmotic dehydration, roasting, extrusion, canning and drying of agro products and determination of farm machinery yield, etc. Most of the designs available for conducting response surface methodology are of symmetric nature. With the help of SATORD design, one can test the influence of the second order relationship at mixed (asymmetric) factor level settings considering ASORD as a first block instead of sticking on with symmetric factor level. If the second order model depicts inadequate fit, then without discarding the block 1 of the design, the researcher can continue their experiment to explore third order model by experimenting with the additional design points as in block 2.
Targeting pulmonary tuberculosis using nanocarrier-based dry powder inhalation: current status and futuristic need
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2019
Tulshidas S. Patil, Ashwini S. Deshpande, Shirish Deshpande, Pravin Shende
In a dispersed aqueous phase, liposomes have shown limitations such as hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids as well as sedimentation and fusion of liposomal vesicles. Such problems are also encountered in large-scale production. These restrictions of liposomes can be minimised by storage of liposomes in the dried form using either proliposomal or freeze-drying techniques for liposomal suspensions. In proliposomal formulation, lipid-dried over a fine particulate water-soluble support such as sodium chloride, sorbitol or polysaccharides. In freeze-dried liposomal suspensions (lyophilisation), cryoprotectants like saccharides e.g. sucrose, trehalose, lactose and their derivatives are utilised. Both the systems display advantages over conventional liposomes like improved stability and drug release pattern due to their dried, free-flow nature and avoidance of drug leakage during storage. Also, these carriers are proved to be biocompatible for pulmonary targeting with enhanced bioavailability of anti-TB drug. These systems consist of water-soluble carriers coated with phospholipids, which form a liposomal dispersion upon reconstitution. The cryoprotectants which are utilised during the lyophilisation process acts instantly by preventing osmotic dehydration and subsequent ionic damage due to the formation of ice crystal outside the vesicles of liposome [72].
Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Gerdinique C. Maessen, Anjali M. Wijnhoven, Rosalie L. Neijzen, Michelle C. Paulus, Dayna A. M. van Heel, Bart H. A. Bomers, Lucie E. Boersma, Burak Konya, Marcel A. G. van der Heyden
In this study, PG and/or VG in e-liquids could have affected the acidosis seen in several case reports. The reason being that acidic PG metabolites potentially cause metabolic acidosis [62] and that the osmotic dehydration produced by VG may lead to ketoacidosis [70]. Interestingly, the bioavailability of nicotine is dependent upon pH, which varies substantially across different e-liquids. More alkaline e-liquids contain a larger fraction of unionised nicotine, a form that is absorbed more easily and rapidly through biological membranes [2].