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Organotin Chemistry
Published in Nate F. Cardarelli, Tin as a Vital Nutrient:, 2019
The first organometallic compound, contained in Cadet’s fuming arsenical liquid of 1760, was a mixture of cacodyl derivatives including tetramethyldiarsine, (CH3)2AsAs(CH3)2, and dimethylarsenous oxide, [(CH3)2As]2O, as identified by Robert Bunsen in the mid 19th century. Recognition of the biological effects of organometallic compounds followed closely on their initial discovery. The new monograph by Thayer brings together information on organometallic compounds and living organisms.65 The biochemistry of silicon is treated in a report of the 1977 Nobel Symposium on that topic.66 Environmental aspects are covered in the ACS Symposium Series monograph which emerged from a 1978 meeting67 and have been reviewed more recently.68–70 The toxicology71 and medicinal aspects72,73 have also received attention.
Radiochemistry for Preclinical Imaging Studies
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
With regard to nomenclature, coordination complexes and organometallic compounds are distinguished. 99mTc-sestamibi is an organometallic compound because at least one ligand forms a carbon–metal bond (for 99mTc-sestamibi, it is actually all six ligands). Many other studied 99mTc complexes exhibit a mix of bonds to the metal, for example, at least one covalent bond to oxygen and coordination bonds to further ligands. An example is 99mTc-tetrofosmin with TcO2+ core and bonds to four phosphine phosphorus atoms. A pure coordination complex is 99mTc-mebrofenin (Ghibellini et al. 2008) (Choletec) composed of a TcIII center with bonds to two tertiary amino nitrogen and four carboxylate oxygen atoms (N2O4).
Problems on Excess of Inorganic Chemical Compounds for Mankind
Published in Jul Låg, Geomedicine, 2017
Jan Alexander, Jetmund Ringstad, Jan Aaseth
Exposure via inhalation and ingestion are the most important routes of exposure.8 Uptake via the skin may be important for some organometallic compounds such as lead, but most often skin exposure leads to local effects, e.g., dermatitis and hypersensitivity.
Have molecular hybrids delivered effective anti-cancer treatments and what should future drug discovery focus on?
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Ferrocene, a prominent example of organometallic compounds, is a potential candidate for medicinal purposes. Anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-fungal, and anti-leishmanial activities are some biological properties exhibited by ferrocene based scaffolds. Hybrid compounds containing ferrocene as one of pharmacohores have been found to be more potent compared to the parent molecule, owing to its good stability toward water and air, low toxicity, queer redox activity, and chemical versatility [116]. In particular, ferrocene-based molecules have been reported to exhibit antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines with low toxic effects on normal cells, compared to other known anticancer agents. The success of Ferrocifen has proved ferrocene as a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. Ferrocifen targets not only DNA but proteins and various enzymes such as thioredoxin reductases, demonstrating its promising anticancer properties on drug-resistant cancers, and is currently in pre-clinical trials [117].
Metallo therapeutics for COVID-19. Exploiting metal-based compounds for the discovery of new antiviral drugs
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Damiano Cirri, Alessandro Pratesi, Tiziano Marzo, Luigi Messori
In our opinion, extensive in vitro testing of large and representative libraries of metal-based agents of medicinal interest against SARS-CoV-2 replication is highly warranted. Investigational panels should mainly include families of medicinally suitable metal-based agents showing an acceptable toxicity profile. Owing to their relatively safe toxicity profiles, bismuth, ruthenium, and antimony compounds might be optimal candidates. A number of organometallic compounds of medicinal interest could be also included in the investigational panel. Indeed, though none of them has received so far clinical approval [32], several organometallic compounds comprising a variety of different metals have been prepared and characterized in recent years and shown to be very promising in terms of pharmaceutical action; the presence of at least one direct carbon-metal bond usually stabilizes the metal center toward redox changes. However, a careful analysis of their toxicity profile should be preventively performed.
Bioorganometallic derivatives of 4-hydrazino-benzenesulphonamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Jeremie Brichet, Rodrigo Arancibia, Emanuela Berrino, Claudiu T. Supuran
Continuing our interest in organometallic compounds with enzyme inhibitory properties, we decided to prepare such derivatives by using the imine bond formation between 4-hydrazino-benzenesulphonamide and organometallic derivatives incorporating aldehyde or methylketone functionalities. The bio-organometallic-hydrazones of the general formula [{(η5-C5H4)-C(R)=N-N(H)-C6H4-4-SO2NH2}]MLn(MLn = Re(CO)3, Mn(CO)3, FeCp; R=H, CH3) were thus prepared by the reaction between formyl or acetyl organometallic precursors and4-hydrazino-benzenesulphonamidein H2O (1a, 2a, 3a) or anhydrous ethanol (1b, 2b, 3b) in the presence of HCl (Scheme 1). The new compounds were isolated with moderate yields (48–56%) as brown (1a–b, 2a-b) or red (3a–b) solids after crystallization from acetone/hexane or THF/hexane, and exhibited good solubility in most polar organic solvents.