China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sexual health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Rajeeb Kumar Sah, Sally Robinson
Unintended pregnancies may result from either non-use of contraception at the time of conception or inconsistent or incorrect use of contraception (Teuton et al., 2016). The use of contraception, in principle, should prevent up to 99% of unintended pregnancies. Most types of contraception in the UK are available for free. The use of the oral contraceptive pill and condoms, although popular, contribute to most unintended pregnancies due to poor compliance by the users. Long-acting reversible contraception is generally more effective than other forms of contraception and the use of emergency contraception, in the form of the ‘morning after pill’ or intrauterine device (IUD), can also reduce unintended pregnancies.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit C Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Ovarian carcinoma:Stage III is defined as growth involving one or both ovaries with widespread intraperitoneal metastases.Combined oral contraceptive pill is protective.Spreads haematogenously.Has a higher mortality rate than cervical cancer due to its late presentation.In the management of ovarian carcinoma, surgery is generally followed by chemotherapy.
Neurological problems
Published in Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, 2020
Women taking hepatic enzyme-inducing drugs (phenytoin, primidone, carbamazepine, phenobarbitone) require higher doses of oestrogen to achieve adequate contraception. They should be given a combined oral contraceptive pill containing 50 μg ethinyl oestradiol or be instructed to take two pills containing 30 μg. The combined oral contraceptive pill may still not be effective and an alternative method of contraception may be appropriate.
Management of pulmonary arterial hypertension during pregnancy
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2023
Kaushiga Krishnathasan, Andrew Constantine, Isma Rafiq, Ana Barradas Pires, Hannah Douglas, Laura C Price, Konstantinos Dimopoulos
Several contraceptive options are available, and collaborative decision-making should be based on patient preference and clinical efficacy and safety profiles. Oral contraceptives include the combined pill and the progesterone-only pill. The latter is preferred due to the greater risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism associated with estrogen in the combined oral contraceptive pill. Progesterone is also available as a subcutaneous implant, inserted under local anesthesia [1,7,48]. Intrauterine devices such as copper and levonorgestrel-coated coils are available. Insertion of such devices is associated with a small risk of a vasovagal response, which can be pronounced in patients with PAH and therefore insertion is usually arranged in a hospital setting [3]. Barrier contraception, such as condoms and diaphragms, can protect from sexually transmitted disease but are not considered reliable forms of contraception in PAH due to contraceptive failure rates and the risk of unplanned pregnancy [1,7].
A technology evaluation of Annovera: a segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring used to prevent pregnancy for up to one year
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Elizabeth A. Micks, Jeffrey T. Jensen
In the U.S., nearly three quarters of couples rely on reversible methods of contraception [2]. The combined estrogen and progestin oral contraceptive pill is the most commonly used reversible method, used by nearly 10 million women. The popularity of this method is not surprising given its high efficacy with perfect adherence, predictable bleeding pattern that mimics the normal menstrual cycle, and its familiarity (the first pill was FDA-approved in 1960). Given that a major downside of the oral contraceptive pill is the requirement for consistent daily use, alternative routes of delivery including the transdermal patch and vaginal ring have been developed in recent decades. These methods use similar hormonal components and have the same mechanism of action as the pill. The first contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR), containing ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel, was FDA approved in 2001 (Nuvaring®, Merck). In 2014, 2.4% of contraceptive users in the U.S. reported relying on the vaginal ring, representing over 900,000 women [2]. Six percent of women had ever used the contraceptive ring in the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth [5].
The first family group of α1-AT-P in the world with repeated hematomas: 10-year follow-up
Published in Climacteric, 2019
S. Luo, X. Ruan, Y. Wang, X. Li, Z. Xu, M. Min, M. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Li, H. Wang, J. Cheng, L. Zhang, Y. Wang, A. O. Mueck
Many doctors thought that follicle rupture might be the cause of the recurrent hematoma. To prevent ovulation, she was advised to take a combined oral contraceptive pill (desogestrel 0.15 mg, ethinyl estradiol 30 μg) once a day for 3 cycles. However, the patient relapsed during May 2014 with severe abdominal pain while taking this contraceptive pill and a hemorrhage was detected in her right ovary. The surgeons removed her right ovary and half of the left one. Unfortunately, severe abdominal pain occurred again 1 week later. Ultrasound suggested massive hemoperitoneum. An emergency laparotomy was performed to drain 1000 ml of blood. Three days later she reported severe lower back pain, and a giant retroperitoneal hematoma was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Due to the patient’s bleeding tendency, open surgery was not an option. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage was performed, yielding 1000 ml of non-clotted blood. After transfusion of fresh whole blood, plasma, and activated factor VII for 1 month, the patient was discharged.