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Secondary Metabolites from Lichen Genus (Ramalina Ach.): Applications and Biological Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
T. R. Prashith-Kekuda, K. S. Vinayaka
Carlos et al.12 revealed immunostimulatory potential of norstictic acid from Ramalina sp. in murine macrophage cells. Treatment of cells with this compound showed an induction of production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide both of which are involved in immune functions.
Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Mahshid Mohammadi, Vasudeo Zambare, Ladislav Malek, Christine Gottardo, Zacharias Suntres, Lew Christopher
Lichenochemicals as potential anticancer agents represent a diverse group of compounds with different physicochemical properties and concentrations [26–28] The bioactive lichenochemicals represent an array of different chemical structures (Figure 1) [19,29–31]. These structures vary with the lichen species and environmental factors including light, temperature [10,31,32], UV expose [33,34], altitude [35,36] and seasonality[37,38]. Lichenochemicals include but are not limited to chemical families, such as flavonoids [39] and terpenoids [40], tridepsides [12,13,41,], orsinol tridepsides, orcinol tetradepsides, aphthosin [18], and phenolic compounds [36]. The structural identification of lichenochemicals is carried out using analytical methods such as TLC, HPLC, UV, IR, NMR, MS, and X-ray crystallography [42]. For example, lichen compounds reported for Umbilicaria species include compounds with different aromatic, aliphatic and cyclic structures, such as lecanoric acid, gyrophoric acid, umbilicaric acid, and norstictic acid [43], parietin [44], myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid [45], just to mention a few.