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Technetium-Labeled Compounds
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
Suresh C. Srivastava, Powell Richards
Tin(II)-ligand (citrate, DTPA, pyrophosphate, EHDP, etc.) solutions prepared as described earlier and standardized by iodate titration are used as standards for the spectrophotometric procedure based on the molybdenum blue complex: (1) typically, 1.0 ml aliquots containing 1 to 5 μ§ tin(II) are added inside a glove box to culture tubes containing 3 ml of the premixed reagent; (2) the tubes are stoppered and taken out of the glove box; (3) 1.2 mℓ amyl alcohol is added to extract the blue complex using CO2 as a covergas; (4) 1.0 mℓ of the amyl alcohol layer is removed and 0.5 mℓ ethanol added to it; (5) absorbances at 725 nm are measured against an appropriate blank using a suitable spectrophotometer; and (6) 10 mm pathlength cells are used. A typical calibration curve using 1 to 6 μg Sn(II) per mℓ is shown in Figure 7. The precision of the measurements at the 2 μg level using a Sn(II) citrate complex is about ±6% as shown from the data in Table 10. At higher levels of tin, the precision approaches close to ±1%. The blue color, once extracted into amyl alcohol, is stable for up to 24 hr, and the extraction is quantitative using the conditions developed in this study.157The Potentiometrie titration of Sn(II) with iodate involves the following reaction:
The Special Position of 99mTc in Nuclear Medicine
Published in Frank Helus, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radionuclides Production, 2019
Molybdenum metal is not easily dissolved in mineral acids but as Ganiev et al.5 have shown, the reaction between molybdenum and hydrogen peroxide solution produces a bright yellow solution (molybdenum peroxide) which gradually turns dark blue (molybdenum blue). Somerville6 has indicated that this process is used commercially to dissolve irradiated molybdenum metal of very high purity. After reaction with hydrogen peroxide the Mo-species is converted to molybdate by the addition of sodium hydroxide.
Mitotane liposomes for potential treatment of adrenal cortical carcinoma: ex vivo intestinal permeation and in vivo bioavailability
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Patricia Zancanella, Daniele M. L. Oliveira, Bonald H. de Oliveira, Thiago D. Woiski, Cesar C. Pinto, Maria H. A. Santana, Eliana B. Souto, Patrícia Severino
The phospholipid concentration in the dried liposomes was estimated by the measurement of the phosphate content. The organic material was exposed to acid digestion and the generated molybdenum blue was quantified spectrophotometrically (λ = 830 nm). The analytical curve (5 points concentration) was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.9979. Table 4 shows the results of the quantitative analysis of phospholipids, before and after spray-drying. Each formulation was analyzed in triplicate. When comparing the results shown in Table 4 with the percentage of recovery of liposomes (Table 2), F4 was shown to have the highest yield of all mitotane-loaded formulations with ca. 50% of the phospholipid concentration after spray-drying. On the other hand, while F10 showed the highest phospholipid concentration after spray-drying (ca. 100%), its percentage of recovery of liposomes was 15.38%.
MDM2 antagonist-loaded targeted micelles in combination with doxorubicin: effective synergism against human glioblastoma via p53 re-activation
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2019
C. Sarisozen, Y. Tan, J. Liu, C. Bilir, L. Shen, N. Filipczak, T. M. Porter, V. P. Torchilin
pNP-PEG3400-PE (pNP-PEG-PE) was synthesised in-house following a method previously established [33]. Briefly, pNP-PEG3400-pNP and DOPE were dissolved in anhydrous chloroform, co-incubated with TEA (5:1:2.5 moles ratio) and reacted at room temperature under argon with overnight stirring. The reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Dragendorff’s reagent was used to visualise the PEG chains while the molybdenum blue was used for lipid staining. Products of this reaction were separated on Sepharose CL-4B column under acidic conditions. Fractions containing the pure pNP-PEG-PE product were pooled together and freeze-dried. Final product was dissolved in chloroform at 5 mg/ml concentration and stored in −80 °C under nitrogen until further use.
Investigation of the Effect of Milrinone on Renal Damage in an Experimental Non-Heart Beating Donor Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2018
Erdal Uysal, Mehmet Dokur, Serdar Altınay, Eyup İlker Saygılı, Kadir Batcıoglu, Mehmet S. Ceylan, Hatem Kazımoglu, Burcin A. Uyumlu, Mehmet Karadag
The protein concentrations were determined according to the method of Lowry [30]. This method is based on reduction of the phosphotungstate complex to molybdenum blue by the tyrosine and tryptophane amino acids present in the structures of proteins. The reduction reaction is intensified with copper (Cu2+). Absorbance was monitored at 650 nm by a spectrophotometer (UV-1601, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the standard.