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‘In and Out of the Hole’
Published in Ornella Corazza, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2018
Ephenidine, also known as N-Ethyl-1,2-diphenylethanamine (NEDPA), appeared on the NPS scene in 2013, when it was marketed as a replacement for MXE after the UK ban. Its effects are described as ‘smooth’ compared to other dissociative anaesthetics (Beharry & Gibbons, 2016). At regular doses, ephenidine showed lower potential to induce ‘out-of-body’ experiences. Diphenidine and methoxyphenidine (MXP or 2-MXP) appeared on the market after the arylcyclohexylamine ban in 2013 and had not been used previously among designer drugs, although diphenidine synthesis was first reported in 1924. Diphenidine and 2-methoxyphenidine have both been reported to have long-lasting dissociative effects (Kang et al., 2017), but diphenidine was shown to be more potent and particularly linked to transient anterograde amnesia (Wallach et al., 2016). Methoxyphenidine effects vary and include tactile disconnections, loss of motor control, perception of body lightness, and long-lasting dissociative effects; users report subjective physical effects similar to those of dextromethorphan (DXM) (Wallach et al., 2016).
The link between childhood trauma and dissociation in frequent users of classic psychedelics and dissociatives
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2019
Sascha B. Thal, Judith K. Daniels, Henrik Jungaberle
One-year prevalence of classic psychedelics was computed by adding up the number of occasions Ayahuasca, LSD, mescaline, DMT, and psilocybin were used in the past year. One-year prevalence for dissociatives was calculated by adding up the number of occasions Ketamine, PCP, DXM, 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine, Eticyclidone, 3-Methoxyeticyclidine, 3-, 4-Methoxyphencyclidine, Deschloroketamine, Ephenidine, Methoxetamine, and Methoxphenidine were used in the past year, and the three items indicating consumption of additional dissociative substances. Eventually, the one-year prevalence of use of both substances was calculated by adding up their sum scores of one-year prevalences.
Drugs of abuse and ocular effects
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Valérie Proulx, Benoit Tousignant
Another group of new psychoactive substances includes the derivatives of ketamine and phencyclidine, which include 3-methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP), 4-methoxy-phencyclidine (4-MeO-PCP), methoxphenidine (MXP) or 2-MeO-diphenidine (1-1(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethylpiperidine), N-ethyl ketamine derivative 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2(ethylamine)cyclo-hexanone.170 Occasionally reported ocular effects include pupillary disturbances, mydriasis, anisocoria, sluggish or absent pupillary responses and nystagmus.110,111,168,170