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Lifestyle Influences on the Microbiome
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
For example, by trapping hydrogen in CH3, Archea help Ruminococcus double ATP production.22 The Ruminoccus/Methanobrevibacter syntrophic cluster also includes Candida and Prevotella. Candida species cooperate with host amylase to degrade starches to simpler carbohydrates that are fermented by Prevotella and Ruminococcus. Biofilms containing Candida albicans support increased colonization with Prevotella species.23 Fermentation byproducts are then consumed by Methanobrevibacter, yielding carbon dioxide and/or methane. Prevotella degradation of starch produces small poly- and monosaccharides,24 which provide Candida with additional substrate for fermentation. Prevotella can catabolize small polysaccharides to succinate, which is then consumed by Ruminococcus, yielding substrate for Methanobrevibacter.25,26 Archeal methanogens play a key role in maintaining the robustness of this network in its response to dietary carbohydrate.
Natural Algal Photobioreactors for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
D. M. Mahapatra, N. V. Joshi, G. S. Murthy, T. V. Ramachandra
These systems function without the involvement of dissolved oxygen in a highly reducing environment. Under a strict methanogenic environment, at a relatively high organic loading, the process yields methane and carbon dioxide (Chanakya et al., 2012). The water residence time for such ponds is 1–1.5 days with a depth of 2–5 m. These anaerobic ponds are highly efficient at relatively warm temperatures (min 15–20°C) and a pH of ~6.2 (Kayombo et al., 2010). However, these ponds have high organic loading rate of 300 g/m2/day (Quiroga, 2011). Such activities have been possible in tropical climate with optimal efficiency and thus are highly variable based on nature and type of climate in the treatment region (USEPA, 2011). The main pri nciple of these types of deep pond systems is rapid sedimentation and consequent organics degradation providing a clarified effluent. This type of deep pond system also ensures relatively high microorganism removal, as microbes are mostly attached to the solids that fall off into the bottom, and the freely suspended microbes are subsequently turned over into algal communities with decrease in the organic nutrients and predation. The anaerobic pond systems have been usually designed at the start of the ponding treatments unit to capture solids and effectively clarify the water for further treatments (Mahapatra and Ramachandra, 2013; Martinez et al., 2014).
Oral Health
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Ana Moura Teles, José Manuel Cabeda
Archae: The Archaea component of the oral microbiome seems to be small with only a few methanogens detected in healthy volunteers. However, its presence seems to increase with periodontitis (Wade 2013).
Artificial intelligence-based personalized diet: A pilot clinical study for irritable bowel syndrome
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Tarkan Karakan, Aycan Gundogdu, Hakan Alagözlü, Nergiz Ekmen, Seckin Ozgul, Varol Tunali, Mehmet Hora, Damla Beyazgul, O. Ufuk Nalbantoglu
The microbiota-derived IBS index scores improved toward lower scores in both intervention groups. The improvement in the personalized nutrition group was observed to be more significant. IBS severity is also correlated with gut microbiome features. Tap J et al. investigated the correlation between gut microbiota signatures and IBS severity. They found that IBS symptom severity to be associated negatively with microbial richness, exhaled CH4, presence of methanogens, and enterotypes enriched with Clostridiales or Prevotella species. This microbiota signature could not be explained by differences in diet or the use of medications.26,27 In our study, the post-interventional analysis showed an increasing trend of Prevotella species (although statistically insignificant) in the standard IBS diet group.
Breathing new life into clinical testing and diagnostics: perspectives on volatile biomarkers from breath
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2022
Jordan J. Haworth, Charlotte K. Pitcher, Giuseppe Ferrandino, Anthony R. Hobson, Kirk L. Pappan, Jonathan L. D. Lawson
More importantly, genetic tests do not detect secondary lactase deficiency or assess symptoms. As a provocation test, tracking patient symptoms concurrently with hydrogen breath tests provides a measure of true intolerance (i.e. symptomatic response to lactose ingestion). However, a rise in hydrogen may also be consequent to SIBO, which means that it is important to establish whether a patient has SIBO before testing for malabsorption. When lactose is administered to a patient with SIBO, the substrate could be fermented by microbes in the small intestine leading to a false positive result for lactose malabsorption [13,43]. Alternatively, a false-negative result for lactose malabsorption can be obtained in people with a non-hydrogen producing-microbiota capable of metabolizing lactose. Methanogens, such as Methanobrevibacter smithii, can convert hydrogen into methane. The extent of breath methane production is also associated with the severity of constipation as a symptom [44]. HMBT is, therefore, favorable to traditional hydrogen breath testing to identify a cohort of patients with excessive methane production.
Addition of Trichocladium canadense to an anaerobic membrane bioreactor: evaluation of the microbial composition and reactor performance
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Hadi Fakhri, Duygu Nur Arabacı, İlayda Dilara Ünlü, Cigdem Yangin-Gomec, Suleyman Ovez, Sevcan Aydin
Figure 4 illustrates the microbial community in sludge samples. Within the domain Archaea, the C1 and C2 reactors were found to be inhabited exclusively by members of the Euryarchaeota, while in the TC reactor Euryarchaeota made up 95%. In terms of relative abundance, the orders Methanobacteriaceae and Methanomicrobia were the dominant archaeal communities. The dominant methanogens were hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium, Methanolinea and Methanothermobacter; and acetoclastic Methanosaeta and Methanoculleus. While C1 reactor had low diversity with hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium making up the total of the population, this diversity increased in the presence of antibiotics in the C2 reactor. The Methanobacterium population, which is known to produce CH4 through interspecific hydrogen transfer (IHT), completely disappeared and was replaced by Methanothermobacter, which made up 74% of Archaea in the C2 reactor. Hence, bioaugmentation with T. canadense allowed a significant increase in genera diversity, where Methanosaeta, repeatedly shown to be positively correlated with biogas production (Lin et al. 2012; van Wolferen et al. 2018; Ji et al. 2020), was predominant with 67% relative abundance, with Methanolinea following second with 13%, a substantial increase compared with the C2 reactor.