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Surgical Facilities, Peri-Operative Care, Anesthesia, and Surgical Techniques
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Alison C. Smith, M. Michael Swindle
Alpha adrenergic agonists and antagonists include xylazine and medetomidine,21 which are the two most commonly used agents in this class. They are best utilized in combination with other agents to provide general anesthesia. Xylazine causes bradycardia, heart block, peripheral vasodilation and nausea in many species. These side effects can be counteracted with atropine. Medetomidine has less of the undesirable effects of xylazine. These agents have mild analgesic activity, which may be very transient in some species. They generally have activity for 20 min.11-16
Anesthesia of Laboratory Rats
Published in Yanlin Wang-Fischer, Manual of Stroke Models in Rats, 2008
Yanlin Wang-Fischer, Lee Koetzner
Medetomidine is a potent and selective α2-adrenoreceptor agonist with both sedative and analgesic effects and has been reported to have fewer side effects than xylazine. When used in combination with ketamine, it produces moderate surgical anesthesia. Like xylazine, medetomidine produces diuresis and transient hyperglycemia.
Platelet consumption and hyperreactivity coexist in experimental traumatic hemorrhagic model
Published in Platelets, 2020
Marcus Wannberg, Xinyan Miao, Nailin Li, Agneta Wikman, Carl-Magnus Wahlgren
For premedication, medetomidine (0.2 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) initially using sufentanil (6.9 mg/kg per hour) (Sufenta, Jansen-Cilag, Sweden), and midazolam (1.35 mg/kg per hour) (Actavis AB, Sweden) during laparotomy and femur fractures. Before initiation of hemorrhage and resuscitation, the TIVA was changed to intravenous ketamine infusion for the remainder of the experiment. No neuromuscular blocking agents were used. The animals were tracheotomized with a 3.5 mm cuffed endotracheal tube (Kimberly-Clark®) and started on mechanical ventilation with 25–30% oxygen in air using pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation, 8–15 breaths per minute with 4 cm H2O post end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and peak pressure of 20 cm H2O (Servo 900 C®, Siemens-Elema, Sweden).
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of long pulsed Nd: YAG laser in the treatment of vascular lesions in vivo
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2022
Yun-Hee Rhee, Han-Yong Ryu, Jin-Chul Ahn, Phil-Sang Chung
Athymic nude mice (strain NU/J) weighing 20 ± 1.5 g were procured from Orient Bio (Daejeon, Korea) and maintained in strict accordance with the recommendations in the guide for Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Dankook University (DKU-17-031). All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed. The mice were anesthetized with intravenous administration of approximately 25 µM of medetomidine hydrochloride in normal saline. A total of 47 nude mice were used (n = 5 per test group and n = 2 per control group) and the laser treatment settings, such as pulse duration, spot size, and fluence, are described in Table 1.
Original experimental rat model of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Hiroshi Matsuura, Mitsuo Ohnishi, Yoshichika Yoshioka, Yuki Togami, Sanae Hosomi, Yutaka Umemura, Takeshi Ebihara, Kentaro Shimizu, Hiroshi Ogura, Takeshi Shimazu
Sixty-nine male Wister rats (Japan SLC, Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan) were used in this study (weight at intervention: 248 ± 1.3 g; age at intervention: 10–11 weeks). All rats were housed in standard cages in a light/dark room at 22–25°C and were allowed free access to standard chow and water. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences (IEXAS) Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the IEXAS Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University (Permit Number: 28–073-002). The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of medetomidine (0.15 mg/kg) and midazolam (2.0 mg/kg) and provided analgesia with butorphanol (2.5 mg/kg).