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Role of Plant-Based Anti-HIV Agents in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (Hand)
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Vishal K. Singh, Himani Chaurasia, Richa Mishra, Ritika Srivastava, Vivek K. Chaturvedi, Ramendra K. Singh
All these are extracted from leaves of Syzigium claviflorum; and have revealed activities against HIV and veteran upon H9 lymphocyte cells [77], where HIV-1 replication got inhibited with oleanolic acid that was extracted from Xanthoceras sorbifolia [36]. Maslinic acid from Geum japonicum has an operative inhibitory action counter to HIV-1 protease [64].
Restricted and Banned Herbals
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Reverse Pharmacology, 2018
Pharmacology: 3p-akebonoic acid, 2a,3p-dihydroxy-30-noroleana-12,20(29)-dien- 28-oic acid, 3a-akebonoic acid and quinatic acid showed in vitro bacteriostatic activity against four assayed Gram-positive bacterial strains (Wang et al. 2014). Maslinic acid, oleanolic acid and 2a,3p-dihydroxyol-ean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid have significant antibacterial activity toward all the assayed microorganisms with MIC values ranging from 0.9 to 15.6 gg/mL (Wang et al. 2015).
Increasing the Sensitivity of Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells to Insulin
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
The flowers of Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum. contain maslinic acid, corosolic acid, 23-hydroxyursolic acid, arjunolic acid (Figure 4.19) which at a concentration of 100 μg/mL inhibited acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 by 46.2%, 46.7%, 41.5%, and 60.8%, respectively.279
Evaluation of the effects of bredemolic acid on selected markers of glucose homeostasis in diet-induced prediabetic rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Akinjide Moses Akinnuga, Angezwa Siboto, Bongiwe Khumalo, Ntethelelo Hopewell Sibiya, Phikelelani Ngubane, Andile Khathi
In several studies, triterpenes have been reported to have anti-diabetic properties which cause reduction of FBG and glycated haemoglobin concentrations as well as ameliorating insulin sensitivity in diet-induced prediabetes (Musabayane et al. 2005, Jung et al. 2007). Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene that has been reported to regulate glucose metabolism in diabetic rats (Jung et al. 2007, Mkhwanazi et al. 2014). BA, an isomer of maslinic acid, has been reported to have more increased biological activity due to differences in the structural arrangement of their hydroxyl groups (Wen et al. 2006, Cheng et al. 2008). However, the effects of this compound on glucose homeostasis in the PD state have not been explored. Therefore, in this study, we sought to investigate the effects of BA on some glucose homeostasis parameters in PD rats.
Solid lipid nanoparticles to improve bioaccessibility and permeability of orally administered maslinic acid
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Aixa Aguilera-Garrido, Elena Arranz, María José Gálvez-Ruiz, Juan Antonio Marchal, Francisco Galisteo-González, Linda Giblin
Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that exhibits antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties (Lozano-Mena et al., 2014). The interest in MA as a nutraceutical in the cancer research area arises from its protective role in the initial stages of carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer (Sánchez-Tena et al., 2013; Juan et al., 2019; Wei et al., 2019). MA inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in several cancer cells types, including lung cancer cells (Bai et al., 2016), human colorectal cancer cells (Juan et al., 2008; Reyes-Zurita et al., 2009; Wei et al., 2019), bladder cancer cells (Zhang et al., 2014), renal cell carcinoma (Thakor et al., 2017) and pancreatic cancer cells (Zhang et al., 2021). It has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis (Thakor et al., 2017) and cell migration and invasion in several cancers (Wei et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021). Moreover, MA can modulate the inflammatory response and potentiate the immune system action against cancer cells (Sánchez-Quesada et al., 2015; Lai et al., 2019). Sánchez-Quesada et al. reported that MA promoted the in vitro production of pro-inflammatory and macrophage recruitment-related cytokines in macrophages and that it favored their differentiation to M1 state, which is the phenotype involved in the immune defense against cancer cells (Sánchez-Quesada et al., 2015). Finally, the MA-supplemented diet prevented denervation-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, i.e. prevented skeletal muscle atrophy, in a sciatic-nerve transection mice model through the downregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, whose overexpression is linked to cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy (Yamauchi et al., 2021). Therefore, administration of MA in the diet to cancer patients could reduce muscle atrophy induced by cachexia. However, this natural lipid present in several plant sources is a low water-soluble compound (3.6 µg/L) (Medina-O’Donnell et al., 2017). This low solubility feature limits its oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Nonetheless, the oral administration route is the preferred and more extended drug administration route, because it supports high patient compliance.
Triterpene derivative improves the renal function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a follow-up study on maslinic acid
Published in Renal Failure, 2019
Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwanazi, Fanie Retief van Heerden, Greanious Alfred Mavondo, Musa Vuyisile Mabandla, Cephas Tagumirwa Musabayane
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects children and adolescents in both developing and developed countries [1,2]. Sustained hyperglycemia is a common sign of uncontrolled diabetes and over time may result in macro and microvascular complications [3,4]. Studies indicate that macrovascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy are the leading cause of chronic kidney disease in patients starting renal replacement therapy and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality [5]. The onset of diabetic nephropathy is linked to increased expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) in the kidney leading to reabsorption of glucose back to the systemic circulation [6]. Following this is a sequel of events, which include a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), sodium (Na+) retention and increased blood pressure in diabetic animals [7,8]. Retention of Na+ is attributed to increased expression of transporters such as sodium hydrogen transporter 3 (NHE3) and epithelium sodium channels (ENaC) that are abundant in the proximal and distal tubules of the nephron respectively [9,10]. Therefore, to prevent the onset of diabetic nephropathy focus should be on tight glycaemic control and prevention of Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys. To date, no treatment can provide these synergistic effects. Our studies reported that Syzygium spp-derived triterpenes, oleanolic acid (OA) [11,12], and maslinic (MA) [13] lower blood glucose concentration and ameliorate kidney function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MA (2α,3β)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, is one of the promising triterpenoids displaying a wide range of pharmacological properties including anticancer [14], anti-inflammatory [15], antidiabetic, and renoprotective effects [13]. The absence of adverse effects demonstrated by previous studies on maslinic acid (MA) constituted a promising starting point for its future use as a nutraceutical due to the biological activities described for this pentacyclic triterpene [16]. The mechanism for blood glucose lowering properties include glycogen phosphorylase [17] and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) [18] inhibition. Of interest in our study is enhancing the efficacy of MA by increasing its potency as a PTP1B inhibitor [18,19]. Studies showed that incorporation of a heterocyclic ring in the carbon-2 and carbon-3 position enhanced the efficacy of MA 6-fold as a (PTP1B) inhibitor [18]. Consequently, we introduced a phenylhydrazine (PH) in C-2 and C-3 position of the parent compound to improve the efficacy of MA as a PTP1B inhibitor. Guided by this fundamental observation, we hypothesized that the MA derivative containing PH might possess more potency compared to lead MA. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine whether triterpene derivative (PH-MA) could improve the impaired renal fluid and electrolyte handling often seen in diabetic animals.