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Natural Products from the Amazon Region as Potential Antimicrobials
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Josiane E. A. Silva, Iasmin L. D. Paranatinga, Elaine C. P. Oliveira, Silvia K. S. Escher, Ananda S. Antonio, Leandro S. Nascimento, Patricia P. Orlandi, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior
Lapachol can be isolated from Tabebuia flavescens, Tabebuia guayacan, Kigelia pinnata, Phyllarthron comorense and Radermachera sinica. As an antimicrobial, lapachol is an effective inhibitor of the Brucella genus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida sp., and Micrococcus pyogenes. It is particularly more effective against Gram-positive bacteria (Hussain and Green 2017). The MIC of lapachol against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains varied from 0.13 to 0.26 µmol/mL. Such a property is important as Paracoccidioides ringworm only occurs in Latin America (Souza et al. 2013).
Naphthoquinone Constituents of Anticancer Terrestrial Plants
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
α-Lapachol (Figure 4.2, 8) was first isolated from Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Synonymic name: Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb., Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.) in the late nineteenth century and had a well-documented history of anticancer effects (Hussain et al. 2007), including growth inhibition of a variety of cancer cell lines. The administration of α-lapachol produced striking antitumor effects and successfully inhibited the growth of Walker 256 xenografts on mice (Rao et al. 1968). Although it has already been licensed by the Brazil government for general clinical practices (da Silva Júnior et al. 2009b), there was still a debate over the usefulness of α-lapachol as an antitumor agent ascribed to the high doses required for therapeutic efficacy together with the observed side effects (Sunassee et al. 2013b).
Molecular Biology Tools to Boost the Production of Natural Products
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Luzia Valentina Modolo, Samuel Chaves-Silva, Thamara Ferreira da Silva, Cristiane Jovelina da-Silva
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Brazil hosts the greatest number of endemic species on the planet, sheltering an estimated biota of over 170 thousand species, which corresponds to about 13.1% of the world's known wealth. Endemism rates as high as 55% of plant biodiversity are reported from Brazilian biomes (Stehmann and Sobral, 2017). Many natural products originating from Brazilian medicinal plants have been disclosed. They are either used as phytoterapics or as inspiration source for the design of valuable substances of pharmacological, cosmetic, agronomic and supplemental food interests (Fougat et al., 2015). Indeed, over 60% of the anticancer drugs are derived from natural products (Cragg et al., 1997). Among them, β-lapachone and lapachol, used for the treatment of various neoplasms, are extracted from the bark of Handroanthus impetiginosus, native to Brazil (Melo et al., 2011). Many other commercial phytopharmaceuticals are known to be extracted from the Brazilian native flora. Quercetin, used in treatment of heart disease, is extracted from Dimorphandra mollis, a native tree of Cerrado. One of the main drugs used for the treatment of chronic glaucoma is pilocarpine, a phytopharmaceutical used in treatment of glaucoma and extracted from Pilocarpos spp. Pilocarpine is also used to treat xerostomia in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, since it stimulates the secretion of large amounts of saliva and sweat (Nogueira et al., 2010). Some of these compounds, such as d-tubocurarine (extracted from Chondrodendron tomentosum) and emetine (isolated from Carapichea ipecacuanha) are supplied by foreign pharmaceutical companies as anesthetics and vomiting inducer, respectively (Figure 4.2; Nogueira et al., 2010). Other examples include, but are not limited to, emetine, pilocarpine, rupununine, d-tubocuranine and vitexin (Figure 4.2).
In Vitro: Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Ameliorative Potential of Lawsonia inermis Extract in Human Lung, Colon and Liver Cancer Cell Line
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2020
Sharmeen Ishteyaque, Anjali Mishra, Sangeeta Mohapatra, Aparna Singh, Rabi S. Bhatta, Narender Tadigoppula, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
The use of natural products, especially those derived from plants has been increased for therapeutic purpose. Plants are safe and better substitutes for numerous synthetic drugs as they do not cause any adverse effects. In addition, phytochemicals that exhibit various medicinal properties for their therapeutic uses have been reported and identified (3). Henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn) (Family: Lythraceae) is having pharmacological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory to anti-cancerous activities. This plant also used as a cosmetic agent worldwide (4). Lawsonia inermis is a much-branched glabrous shrub or small tree (2–6 m in height), cultivated for its leaves although stem bark, roots, flowers and seeds have also been used in traditional medicinal systems. Henna possesses analgesic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, wound healing, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-trypanosomal, antidermatophytic, antioxidant, antifertility, tuberculostatic and anticancer properties. Researchers are found that the medicinal property mainly due to lawsone phenol/flavonoid, saponin and triterpene etc. (5). The primary active agent, lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone) of henna possesses many biological properties (6,7). It is being used as a precursor in the preparation of many clinically important anticancer compounds like atovaquone, lapachol and dichoroallyl lawsone (8).
Discovery of natural products with metal-binding properties as promising antibacterial agents
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Prasad Dandawate, Subhash Padhye, Rainer Schobert, Bernhard Biersack
Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 20), which is the main component of the Henna plant Lawsonia inermis and which was also isolated from Plumbago zeylanica, displayed antibiotic activities including plasmid curing (Figure 2) [58]. The natural prenyl-substituted lawsone-derivative lapachol [2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone, 21] isolated from the dried bark of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC inhibited the growth of H. pylori (MIC = 4 µg/mL) (Figure 2) [59]. Excellent antibacterial activities against E. faecalis and S. aureus (MIC = 0.05–0.10 µg/mL) were observed for the thiosemicarbazone (22) and the semicarbazone (23) of lapachol (Figure 2) [60].
Development of solid dispersions of β-lapachone in PEG and PVP by solvent evaporation method
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Klecia M. dos Santos, Raquel de Melo Barbosa, Fernanda Grace A. Vargas, Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo, Antônio Cláudio da Silva Lins, Celso A. Camara, Cícero F. S. Aragão, Tulio Flavio de Lima e Moura, Fernanda Nervo Raffin
βlap (3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2 H-naphthol[1,2-b]pyran-5,6-dione) was supplied by Laboratório de Síntese de Compostos Bioativos (UFRPE, Brazil). βlap was obtained by acid cyclization of lapachol, which was extracted from the bark of the lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae). PEG (6000), PVP (K30), and absolute ethanol were obtained from Synth (São Paulo, Brazil). Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). All other materials were of analytical grade.