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Effects of Antithrombotic and Results of Drug Screening
Published in Josef Hladovec, Antithrombotic Drugs in Thrombosis Models, 2020
In view of the presumed role of calcium ions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, calcium antagonists have been tested in rabbits fed a hypercholesterolemic diet by Kramsch et al.523 who used lanthanum, by Henry et al.524 using nifedipin, Rouleau et al.525 who studied verapamil, and by Willis et al.526 who investigated nicardipine and nifedipine. The results were, in general, quite promising even though the doses had to be relatively high. Some negative results527, 528 were probably due to a low dosage.
The Thymus in the Regulation and Control of Cell Growth
Published in Nate F. Cardarelli, The Thymus in Health and Senescence, 2019
The thymus reacts with a large number of chemicals, although usually slowly. Lanthanum is an exception. Trivalent lanthanum causes an increase in cytoplasmic calcium by increasing the extracellular Ca2+ influx into the cell, and the effect is observable within 30 s of administration.225 This element has no known value as a trace nutrient, but is noted only for the unusual reactions of its oxide with visible and UV light.226 Perhaps this ubiquitous, though rare element, ought to be biochemically scrutinized. Calcium, of course, plays an essential role in a host of body processes in all animal species especially in terms of membrane-dependent regulatory events.227,228
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Published in Caroline Ashley, Aileen Dunleavy, John Cunningham, The Renal Drug Handbook, 2018
Caroline Ashley, Aileen Dunleavy, John Cunningham
Tablets can be crushed and put down a NG tube. (Kitajima Y, Takahashi t, Sato Y, et al. Efficacy of crushed lanthanum carbonate for hyperphosphataemia in hemodialysis patients undergoing tube feeding. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 4(4): 253–5.
In vitro cytogenetic analysis of two different anti-phosphates (sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium carbonate) agents used by patients with hyperphosphatemia
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Goulzar Ulaya, Hasan Basri İla
In a different study with lanthanum carbonate, an effective oral phosphate binder, like our test substances and used by patients with hyperphosphatemia different independent test protocols were applied in the study of potential genotoxicity using some in vitro and in vivo assays, in the presence and absence of the post-mitochondrial fraction (S9). According to the results of that study, lanthanum carbonate is not an in vivo genotoxin, but some genomic damage like chromatid and chromosome type deletion and exchange increased in an in vitro cytogenetic assay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (Damment et al.2005). However, non-clinical evidence has been presented to suggest that lanthanum carbonate is safe to use and is compatible with the good safety profile of long-term studies in dialysis patients (D'Haese et al.2003, Behets et al.2004).
ZO-2 favors Hippo signaling, and its re-expression in the steatotic liver by AMPK restores junctional sealing
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2022
Laura González-González, Helios Gallego-Gutiérrez, Dolores Martin-Tapia, José Everardo Avelino-Cruz, Christian Hernández-Guzmán, Sergio Israel Rangel-Guerrero, Luis Marat Alvarez-Salas, Erika Garay, Bibiana Chávez-Munguía, María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz, Dinorah Hernández-Melchor, Esther López-Bayghen, Lorenza González-Mariscal
To determine the paracellular permeability of the liver to lanthanum, we followed a protocol previously described.38 Briefly, livers were first flushed with a physiological solution to clear the tissue from the blood. Then we employed a perfusion/fixation solution of 2.5% glutaraldehyde/4% lanthanum nitrate in 0.1 mol/L cacodylate buffer, pH 7.8. The lanthanum nitrate solution was prepared by dissolving lanthanum nitrate in water (8%, wt/vol) at 65°C and diluting 1:1 with 0.2 mol/L cacodylate buffer pH 7.8. After perfusion, livers were excised, cut into fragments, and incubated in the perfusion/fixation solution. Then, tissue samples were rinsed for 30 min in 0.1 mol/L cacodylates buffer/4% nitrate lanthanum and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, containing 4% nitrate lanthanum, for 1 h at 4°C. Samples were then dehydrated in graded ethanol and propylene oxide, embedded in Polybed epoxy resins, and polymerized at 60°C for 24 h. Thin sections (60 nm) were stained at room temperature for 20 min with uranyl acetate and subsequently for 2 min with lead citrate before examination using a Jeol JEM-1011 transmission electron microscope.
Cell and molecular toxicity of lanthanum nanoparticles: are there possible risks to humans?
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Amir Mohammad Malvandi, Sara Shahba, Abbas Mohammadipour, Seyed Hamidreza Rastegar-Moghaddam, Mahmoud Abudayyak
The complexity of La NPs help this to have different chemical structure interacting with different microenvironment; hence we could imagine a serious of disruptions, at the tissue level, in the network of endothelial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons (Figure 2). Local inflammation and BBB disruptions facilitate the La NPs entry to CNS. Induced by La, the molecular mechanisms underlying their specific physic-chemical properties, mostly nano-sized, can also be mirrored in the brain microenvironment. It dictates the irreversible damage in the hippocampus, the major region responsible for the learning and memory’s biological processes contributing to neurological disorders, such as AD and PD. Despite this fact, lanthanum toxicity is still unclear in the human brain. Further studies would help acquire detailed knowledge of La toxicity on other brain regions involving the most important molecular mechanisms because multiple brain networks may support human emotional and cognitive behaviors.