China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Exploring Important Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees for Their Traditional Knowledge, Chemical Derivatives, and Potential Benefits
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw, Tarekegn Berhanu Esho, Archana Bachheti, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, D.P. Pandey, Azamal Husen
Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. (Family: Crassulaceae) (Figure 1.2) is a sub-ligneous and perennial herb usually 30–65 cm high, but up to 100 cm in height in some areas (Fernandes et al., 2019). The leaf morphologies are simple oval or oval to elliptical shape, decussate, succulent – a drought-resistant plant, glabrous, opposite in arrangements, shortly petiolate, crenate, and having a corrugated or sub-crenated border. The flowers are yellow-orange in color, small, abundant, arranged in composite summits of stamps or paniculate, hermaphrodites, gamopetalas with corolla longer than the cup, with the presence of scaly carpels that become polispermous follicles. Their fruit is a follicle 6 cm long that contains brown, oblong seeds (Fernandes et al., 2019).
Effect of Elevated CO2 Conditions on Medicinal Plants
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Anuj Choudhary, Antul Kumar, Harmanjot Kaur, Mandeep Singh, Gurparsad Singh Suri, Gurleen Kaur, Sahil Mehta
This abrupt rise in carbon dioxide stimulates photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates of about 31 per cent across 40 plant species (Dusenge et al. 2019). In Lolium perenne elevated CO2 results in an increased tiller number, root and shoot dry weight, and total plant biomass. It also affects physiological processes such as enhanced photosynthetic activity and reduced stomatal resistance (Jia et al. 2018). In the family Asteraceae, elevated carbon dioxide enhanced photosynthetic rate and leaf area, and reduced water-use efficiency in Aster tripolium (Geissler et al. 2009) (Table 5.1). Elevated carbon dioxide also promotes root elongation and root branching in Pteridium revolutum (Zheng, J. et al. 2008), and enhances plant shoot biomass in Trigonella foenum-graecum and Ocimum basilicum (Jain et al. 2007; Tursun et al. 2020). Under higher CO2 levels, due to increment in carbon supply, more root exudates are accumulated inside plants (Zheng, Y. et al. 2008). According to various reports, carbon accumulation is more in roots than leaves and stem parts (Singh et al. 2018). Studies conducted by Zhu et al. (2002) showed that under elevated conditions there are more relative growth rates and net assimilation rates in Ananas comosus, a plant used in analgesic medicines. Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is an active immunosuppressive plant that responded positively to more leaves and nodes production under a CO2-rich environment (Cho et al. 2020) (Figure 5.4).
Cellular Calcium Signals in Cancer Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy by Phytochemicals
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Xue Li, Shuhan Miao, Feng Li, Fen Ye, Guang Yue, Rongzhu Lu, Haijun Shen, Yang Ye
Kalanchoe tubifora is extensively used in the treatment of coughs, fever and abscesses and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and cytotoxic activities. Kalantuboside B (KB) is a natural bufadienolide bioactive obtained from K. tubiflora (120) that has many pharmacological effects, such as cardioactive property and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Hseu et al. used BAPTA-AM to investigate the relationship between KB-induced apoptosis and the Ca2+-dependent pathway. The authors found that KB enhanced the cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and decreased the expression of the downstream p53 tumor suppressor and autophagy-related protein. Furthermore, pretreatment of BAPTA-AM decreased the cell viability (10%) in A2058 cells exposed to KB (121). These results suggested that KB may induce cancer cell death through increasing the levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+.
Biological activities of leaf extracts from selected Kalanchoe species and their relationship with bufadienolides content
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk, Anna Hering, Magdalena Gucwa, Rafał Hałasa, Agata Soluch, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Anna Stochmal, Renata Ochocka
Kalanchoe species (Crassulaceae) are succulents found in tropical and subtropical regions, commonly cultivated as household and garden plants. The specific interest in some species corresponds to the health properties. The whole aerial parts and juice are used externally to treat inflammation, allergies, and different skin disorders (Nassis et al. 1992; Ojewole 2005; Nayak et al. 2010). Kalanchoe extracts are also a popular internal remedy for stomach ulcers (Pal and Chaudhuri 1991), asthma (Salami et al. 2013), infections (Willcox and Bodeker 2004), tumours (Supratman et al. 2001), and regulation of blood sugar (Ojewole 2005; Majaz et al. 2011; Khooshbu and Ansari 2019). A wide range of ethnomedical applications of Kalanchoe are linked to the chemical composition. Despite the rich contents of flavonoids (Liu et al. 1989; Nielsen et al. 2005), alkaloids (Gaind and Gupta 1972; Biswas et al. 2012), phenolic acids (Singab et al. 2011; El-Shamy et al. 2013), saponins, and tannins (Pattewar 2012; El-Shamy et al. 2013), bufadienolides have been postulated as responsible for many pharmacological activities of Kalanchoe extracts (El Abdellaoui et al. 2010; Kolodziejczyk-Czepas and Stochmal 2017). Bufadienolide compounds possess anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cardiotonic effects (Scholtysik et al. 1986; Yamagishi et al. 1989; Supratman et al. 2001; Cunha Filho et al. 2005; Kolodziejczyk-Czepas and Stochmal 2017; Wu et al. 2006). According to their toxicity and cardiac side effects (Puschett et al. 2010), the identification and quantification of bufadienolides are essential.
Bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate induces caspase-independent cell death, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer HeLa cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk, Magdalena Gucwa, Barbara Moniuszko-Szajwaj, Anna Stochmal, Anna Kawiak, J. Renata Ochocka
Some of the reports describe investigations on Kalanchoe species, which are more and more popular as house ornamental plants. These plants have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties. However, only K. brasiliensis Camb. has been described as a remedy in human prostate cancer treatment (Johnson 1999). Studies on cytotoxic activities of Kalanchoe plants containing bufadienolides are focussed on main isolated metabolites. For example, bryophyllin B (from K. pinnata (Lam.) Pers.) has strong cytotoxic activity on the KB cell line (Yamagishi et al. 1989). Kalanchosides A–C (from K. gracilis Hance) revealed toxic activity on lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), epidermoid (A431), and ovarian (1A9) cancer cell lines (Wu et al. 2006). Bufadienolides isolated from the leaves of K. pinnata and K. daigremontiana × tubiflora (Harv.) Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier showed antitumor-promoting activity on Burkitt’s lymphoma Raji cells (Supratman et al. 2001). Kalantuboside A and B, bryotoxin C, bersaldegenin-1-acetate, and bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate from K. tubiflora showed significant effects against oral adenosquamous carcinoma (Cal-27), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60), and melanoma (A2058) cell lines (Huang et al. 2013). In our previous study on K. daigremontiana, bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate (Figure 1) demonstrated strong cytotoxic activity on cervical (HeLa), ovarian (SKOV-3), melanoma (A375), and breast (MCF-7) cell lines (Stefanowicz-Hajduk et al. 2020). Some of the above mentioned bufadienolides have determined the molecular mode of cell death. However, the pathway of bersaldegenin compounds has not yet been described.