China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Type 2 Diabetes in Childhood
Published in Emmanuel C. Opara, Sam Dagogo-Jack, Nutrition and Diabetes, 2019
Sulfonylureas are mainstays of therapy in adults with T2D. Their use as primary agents for treatment of T2D in children has not been studied extensively. In a 26-week single-blind, randomized comparative study published in 2007, metformin and glimepiride were used in 263 obese T2D participants between the ages of 8 and 17 years. Participants were given metformin (500–1,000 mg twice daily) or escalating doses of glimepiride (1–8 mg once daily). There was no statistically significant difference in HbA1c at 12 and 24 weeks, but weight gain was greater in the glimepiride group (1.3 kg vs no difference in metformin group). In addition, the metformin-treated group had less hypoglycemia [69].
Use of oral hypoglycemic agents in pregnancy
Published in Moshe Hod, Lois G. Jovanovic, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Alberto de Leiva, Oded Langer, Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy, 2018
Glimepiride is another sulfonylurea drug. Both this drug and glyburide displace one another from their respective binding sites. Glimepiride has a 2.5–3-fold faster rate of association and an 8–9-fold faster rate of dissociation from the beta-cell sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) binding site than glyburide. This results in a more rapid release of insulin and a shorter duration of insulin secretion. Glimepiride significantly increases second-phase insulin secretion, whole-body glucose uptake, and insulin sensitivity.4,39,40 The increase in insulin sensitivity may be explained by studies demonstrating lower fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide levels in patients using the drug compared to glyburide-treated patients with comparable levels of glycemic control. It should be noted that, to date, glimepiride has not been tested for use in pregnancy.4,39,40
Obesity
Published in Philip E. Harris, Pierre-Marc G. Bouloux, Endocrinology in Clinical Practice, 2014
Ahmed Yousseif, Efthimia Karra, Sofia Rahman, Rachel L. Batterham
Exenatide is a long-acting synthetic peptide that is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and liraglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 analog administered subcutaneously twice and once daily, respectively. They are currently available for adjunctive therapy for patients with T2DM who are inadequately controlled on oral agents. Dose-dependent weight loss has been reported in trials of exenatide in T2DM not well controlled on oral agents (~4.8 kg over 18 months in the absence of any dietetic or exercise interventions). In diabetes trials, liraglutide was associated with a significant reduction in weight up to 2.5 kg compared with placebo or glimepiride, whereas weight loss has also been reported in patients without diabetes who received liraglutide. In a 20-week randomized trial comparing liraglutide (administered subcutaneously in one of four daily doses, 1.2–3 mg), placebo, and open-label orlistat (120 mg orally three times daily) in 564 patients (mean BMI, 35 kg/m2), weight loss increased with increasing doses of liraglutide, with mean weight loss ranging from 4.8 to 7.2 kg. Patients randomly assigned to any dose of liraglutide lost significantly more weight than those assigned to placebo (mean weight loss, 2.8 kg); whereas patients receiving the two highest doses of liraglutide (2.4 and 3.0 mg) lost significantly more weight than those assigned to orlistat (6.3, 7.2, and 4.1 kg, respectively). The two highest doses of liraglutide are higher than those currently prescribed for treatment of T2DM, and a greater proportion of patients taking these doses reported nausea (37%–47%) and vomiting (12%–14%).
Chronopharmacology of the alpha-lipoic acid/nifedipine/glimepiride combination in the amelioration of retinopathy in rats
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Michael Ikechukwu Oraebosi, Temidayo Olutoyin Olurishe, Sherifat Bola Anafi, Mohammed Bisalla
Over the years, glimepiride has been used as a glucose-lowering agent in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Alhadramy 2016; Baynes 2015). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) prevents oxidative parameters in the retina of diabetic rats (Obrosova et al. 2001), and it has been shown to decrease blood glucose in experimental models (Singh and Jialal 2008). This may suggest a possible beneficial outcome of glucose-lowering effect when administered with glimepiride. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of nifedipine (Berkels et al. 2001; Mak et al. 1992) and its role in ameliorating microvascular complications (Emara and Abdel-Sater 2011; Toyohiko et al. 2014) have been reported. Furthermore, 24 h variations in the expression of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress (Manoharan and Kolanjiappan 2005; Sani et al. 2015) as well as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications (Hermida et al. 2008) have been established. Thus, administration of alpha-lipoic acid in combination with glimepiride and nifedipine through exploration of the timing of the medications to circadian rhythms (chronopharmacology) may offer useful therapeutic options in slowing the onset and/or prevention of diabetic retinopathy.
New in-situ gelling biopolymer-based matrix for bioavailability enhancement of glimepiride; in-vitro/in-vivo x-ray imaging and pharmacodynamic evaluations
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Randa Hanie Awadeen, Mariza F. Boughdady, Mahasen Mohamed Meshali
Glimepiride is a third generation sulphonylurea which lowers the blood glucose level in the healthy subjects as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes. Gmp belongs to BCS class II, with pKa of 6.2. It is poorly soluble in water with slow dissolution that may lead to irreproducible clinical response or therapeutic failure due to subtherapeutic plasma levels (Mohd et al. 2015). Solid dispersion of Gmp was prepared to increase its solubility (Chaudhari et al. 2012). Previous study in our department revealed that the solubility of Gmp was increased by its binary physical mixture with the basic tromethamine (Tris) (Mohamed et al. 2012). Frequent administration is required due to Gmp short biological half-life (5 h). To reduce the dosing frequency and to improve patient compliance; sustained release Gmp dosage forms were reported (Chandiran et al. 2013).
Understanding the impact of commonly utilized, non-insulin, glucose-lowering drugs on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Kathryn M. Hurren, Marissa W. Dunham
A retrospective observational cohort study found glimepiride was associated with favorable weight and BMI change compared to glyburide over 12 months (−2.01 ± 4.01 kg vs −0.58 ± 3.7 kg and −0.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2 vs −0.2 kg/m2, respectively; p < 0.001 for both comparisons) [36]. However, in a 14-week study glimepiride was associated with dose-dependent, placebo-subtracted weight increases of 2.0 kg, 2.8 kg, and 3.2 kg for the 1 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg daily doses, respectively (p ≤ 0.001 for all) [37,38]. A meta-analysis demonstrated clinically significant weight gain with a variety of sulfonylureas (glyburide 2.6 kg, glipizide 2.2 kg, glimepiride 2.1 kg) [23]. Sulfonylureas are considered overall to contribute to weight gain; although within-class differences may favor glimepiride, data are inconsistent.