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Medicinal Mushrooms
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Temitope A. Oyedepo, Adetoun E. Morakinyo
Another important terpenoid that has been isolated from mushrooms are the ganoderic acid derivatives. Ganoderic acids U, V, W, X, and Y have cytotoxicity activities, ganoderic acids C and D have demonstrated anti-histamine releasing activities, ganoderic acid F have exhibited inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme, while Ganoderic acid A exhibited hepatoprotective activity. In addition, ganoderic acid A and methyl ganoderate A act as Farnesyl Protein Transferase Inhibitors which inhibit the activity of Ras oncoproteins (Shi et al., 2010).
Nutraceutical Intervention for Treatment of Alcoholism and Drinking Problems
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Red Reishi is chiefly composed of complex carbohydrates such as water-soluble polysaccharides, tri-terpenoids, proteins, and amino acids. Studies have shown that these water-soluble polysaccharides are actually the bioactive constituents that possess antitumour, immuno modulating, and blood pressure lowering effects. Another major active ingredient found triterpenes is called ganoderic acid. Primary studies showed that ganoderic acids are beneficial in improving common allergies through the inhibition of histamine release and also improve oxygen utilization and liver functions. Triterpenes are usually bitter in taste, and the amount of triterpene content present in a product can be determined by the degree of bitterness. Regular intake of red Reishi enhances body’s immune system and improves blood circulation, thus cultivating better health conditions. Normally, Reishi is suggested as an adaptogen, immunomodulator, and a general stimulant. Red Reishi is also used to treat anxiety, hepatitis, bronchitis, insomnia, and asthma.
In vitro inhibitory effects of ganoderic acid A on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Shangchen Xu, Fengqing Zhang, Dali Chen, Keren Su, Li Zhang, Rui Jiang
Ganoderic acid A (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The chemical structure of GAA is shown in Figure 1. d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP+, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxycoumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxydiclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%), and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%), and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals. Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.
Self-assembled thermal gold nanorod-loaded thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated ganoderic acid for antibacterial and cancer photochemotherapy
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Weiwei Zhang, Wenwen Yu, Xiaoyuan Ding, Chenyang Yin, Jing Yan, Endong Yang, Feng Guo, Dongdong Sun, Weiyun Wang
The lingzhi mushroom is a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom and has been recognized as a valuable source of inhibitory lead compounds against multi-drug resistance bacterial and cancer [1–5]. Most of the potential active compounds are extracted from one of its component fungal species, namely Ganoderma lucidum. Among them, ganoderic acid (GA) is the most potent therapeutic biomolecule known [6]. Ganoderic acid A (GA.A) is a highly oxygenated C30 lanostane-type triterpenoid, which has significant antibacterial, anticancer, anti-HIV, antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities [2,4,7,8]. Due to the extremely low water solubility of GA.A, the bioavailability of raw GA.A is low, which limits its utilization in the pharmaceutical industries. However, such a limitation can be overcome, to a certain extent, with the novel nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery system, loaded with active drugs, which can greatly improve bioavailability.
Ganoderic acid loaded nano-lipidic carriers improvise treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Mahfoozur Rahman, Shareefa Abdullah Al-Ghamdi, Khalid S Alharbi, Sarwar Beg, Kalicharan Sharma, Firoz Anwar, Fahad A Al-Abbasi, Vikas Kumar
Tradition medicinal plants including mushroom have been in use from centuries in treatment of liver diseases. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom forming white rot fungus is not an exception and has extensively found priority over other plants for liver disorder (Lin & Zhang, 2004; Bishop et al., 2015). Ganoderic acid (GA), a bioactive secondary metabolite of basidiomycetous fungi+Ganoderma lucidum is considered as the most important pharmacologically active constituent of G. lucidum (Lin & Zhang, 2004; Bishop et al., 2015). Scientific literature is available for its hepato-protective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemia, anti-histaminic, antitumor, and antiangiogenic nature. It is known for its effect against free radicals and minimizing cell damage induced by mutagens in animal model along with its immunity enhancing and hepatoprotective properties (Wang et al., 2007; Weng et al., 2009).