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Psychogenic Factors in Benign Chronic Orofacial Pain
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
Oral galvanism is a term that covers various symptoms and disorders.72,92,93 In spite of what appears to be a physiological etiology (galvanic currents), the syndrome has characteristics similar to those of AO and can often be considered as a variant.
Release of Nickel Ion from the Metal and Its Alloys as Cause of Nickel Allergy
Published in Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach, Nickel and the Skin, 2019
Jurij J. Hostýnek, Katherine E. Reagan, Howard I. Maibach
Nickel release from orthodontic appliances was investigated in 0.9% physiologic saline over the extended period of 14 days. The amounts leaked ranged between none from archwires, to 10.4 μg from face-bows. These levels found were not proportional to the Ni content of the appliances (Grimsdottir et al., 1992a). Other metals present in the alloys appear to have a bearing on metal corrosion and release, depending on the electromotive gradients in the local galvanic elements (Cavelier et al., 1985).
Imagination in Disease and Healing Processes: A Historical Perspective
Published in Anees A. Sheikh, Imagination and Healing, 2019
Carol E. McMahon, Anees A. Sheikh
Among other unconventional treatments, brass, iron, and zinc tractors were in common use in the late eighteenth century for treatment of disease by “galvanism.” In 1800, JohnHaygarth argued that imagination, rather than galvanism, was the variable accounting for therapeutic success. Quite apart from being a vindication of the role of imagination, this statement meant that the symptoms and illnesses treated must have existed only in the patients’ minds. Whatever was curable by imagination must have been imaginary.
Longley et al.: Non-pharmacological interventions for spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other non-progressive brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
I then categorized the intervention offered to patients, as proposed by Longley et al. (2021). Two of the 6 studies focused on a functional visual treatment (Svaerke et al., 2019; Turgut et al., 2018). Both reported significant effects on neuropsychological neglect tests and one also on ADL performance. Two studies used galvanic stimulation (Nakamura et al., 2015; Schmidt et al., 2013). Both studies used a restricted range of outcome tests, one focusing exclusively on the arm position sense. Both documented positive results; however, it cannot be ruled out that the improvements exclusively related to the ongoing stimulation, because there was no assessment hours later. The other two studies used prism adaptation either alone or combined with eye pursuit (Facchin et al., 2019; Keller et al., 2009). Both studies showed significant improvements. However, one of these studies did not specify the primary outcome parameter and found improvement only in one test, although the groups were compared on four tests (Keller et al., 2009). Therefore, a lack of alpha level correction is a problem in evaluating the evidence of this study.
Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
In the design of new biomedical materials for triggered gene and drug delivery, modification of dextran-based polysaccharides is crucial (Hu et al., 2017). Shell-sheddable micelles based on dextran diblock copolymers could be used for efficient release of hydrophobic chemotherapeutics in cancer cells (Sun et al., 2010). Functionalized nonionic dextran scaffolds were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, which could be used to transfer genes effectively (Wang et al., 2011). The biodegradable comb-like gene vector from dextran skeleton had the biologically induced initiation site of atom transfer radical polymerization (Wang et al., 2012). The functionalized biodegradable dextran backbones were prepared using living radical polymerization, and the novel multifunctional nanoparticles obtained could be used to deliver therapeutic molecules (Duong et al., 2012). For an ideal polymer gene carrier, its serum stability is very important. Polycation carriers usually produce colloidal aggregation, which makes them easy to remove from bloodstream. It proved that incorporating zwitterionic betaine into multifunctional gene carriers was an effective method to produce serum-tolerant transfection carriers (Xiu et al., 2013). The galvanic replacement reaction is a useful method to prepare various hollow nanostructures. A simple synthesis of dextran-coated hollow Au-Ag nanoshell and its application in chemical thermotherapy were reported (Jang et al., 2014).
Evaluation of scalp hair nickel and chromium level changes in patients with fixed orthodontic appliance: a one-year follow-up study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Saman Jamshidi, Manouchehr Rahmati Kamel, Maysam Mirzaie, Ahmadreza Sarrafan, Soraya Khafri, Hadi Parsian
Ni and Cr are elements commonly used in the manufacture of various components of fixed orthodontic appliances, such as bands, brackets and wires [2]. Moreover, the effects of contact with these metals and their compounds have been previously evaluated with regard to health. According to a few studies in this area, the use of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to the release of metal ions via electro-galvanic flow in the saliva as an intermediate environment [17]. The buccal cavity is an environment for the decomposition of metals, especially due to its microbiological and enzymatic properties [1]. Ni, as an allergen, can cause immunological sensitivity in a number of people receiving long-term orthodontics. Cr and cobalt (Co) ions can also cause dermatitis, asthma and adverse biological and cytotoxic effects [1]. The amount of Ni released from fixed orthodontic appliances may be less than the threshold necessary to start an allergic reaction, at least in people who have not shown a previous hypersensitivity to metal [18]; but either way, a small level of free metal may also cause allergies in people who are treated with fixed orthodontic appliances for two to three years, because the symptoms of a Ni allergy may be seen over time.