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Cannabis Nutrition
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Cannabis roots contain many different active compounds including triterpenoids, friedelin, and epifriedelanol [50,51]. Friedelin is found in cannabis and other plants like algae and lichens, and used in Ayurvedic medicine as an aphrodisiac [52]. Friedelin extracted from the bark of Mesu daphnifolia, a ubiquitous tree in Malaysia, was shown to have cytotoxic activity against various female malignancies—breast cancer, cervical carcinoma, and ovarian cancer cell lines [53]. Epifriedelanol is also abundant in nature, but no research is available about the specific activity of these compounds in cannabis roots. Choline has also been reported as a compound in cannabis roots [54].
Antimicrobial Properties of Traditional Medicinal Plants: Status and Potential
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
V. Duraipandiyan, T. William Raja, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu
Clerodane diterpene [(5R, 10R)-4R, 8 dihydrox-2S, 3R: 15, 16-diepoxycleroda-13 (16), 17, 12S, 18, 1S-dilactone] is isolated from an ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia.10 This compound, depicted in Figure 2.1a, has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Friedelin (Fig. 2.1b) is fractionated from hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanoicl extracts of Azima tetracantha leaves.
Various Applications of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao)
Published in Tariq Aftab, M. Naeem, M. Masroor, A. Khan, Artemisia annua, 2017
Himanshu Misra, Mauji Ram, Ashish Bharillya, Darshana Mehta, Bhupendra Kumar Mehta, Dharam Chand Jain
Zheng et al. (1994) reported significant cytotoxic activity of artemisinin and quercetagetin-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethylether against P-388, A-549, Ht-29, MCF-7, and KB tumor cells. Deoxyartemisinin, artemisinic acid, arteannuin B, stigmasterol, friedelin, friedelin-3α-ol, and artemetin were ineffective in the previously mentioned system. Beekman et al. (1997, 1998) found stereochemistry-dependent cytotoxicity in artemisinin and its semisynthetic analogues. Since artemisinin is a novel molecule by its chemical structure and mode of action, it is thus a new lead compound, which can be exploited for further drug development.
Brazilian medicinal plants with corroborated anti-inflammatory activities: a review
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Victor Pena Ribeiro, Caroline Arruda, Mohamed Abd El-Salam, Jairo Kenupp Bastos
Austroplenckia populnea (Reiss) Lundell (Celastraceae) is present mainly in the Brazilian ‘cerrado’ biome. The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark, its hexane, chloroformic and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as populnoic acid were assessed in vivo by three different mediators of acute inflammation in ‘paw oedema’ induced by carrageenan, dextran and histamine. The chronic inflammation response was evaluated according to granulomatous tissue formation. By using the first mediator, it was found EC50 value of 200 mg/kg body wt for the crude extract. For carrageenan and dextran, all tested plant samples, including populnoic acid at 50 mg/mg, significantly inhibited the paw oedema by 31 and 59%, respectively. The hexanic fraction was the only one that inhibited granulomatous tissue formation. Steroids such as campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol; and the triterpenes epitaraxerol, β-amirine, lupenone, lupeol, lupeol acetate, β-friedalanol and friedelin were identified in this fraction (Andrade et al. 2007).
In vitro inhibitory effects of Friedelin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Jinlan Wei, Hongying Zhang, Qingling Zhao
Friedelin is a triterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia (Mart.) ex. Reissek (Celastraceae) and has several biological activities such as antioxidant, in vitro-cytotoxic, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer (Shimizu and Tomoo 1994; Paul et al. 2013; Susanti et al. 2013; Utami et al. 2013). A previous study has reported that Friedelin could suppress ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which could improve the bioavailability of P-gp substrate when they are co-administered (Lee et al. 2017).