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Antimicrobials during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Fosamprenavir is a prodrug of amprenavir and protease inhibitor used to treat HIV. It is an FDA pregnancy category C drug, and not recommended for use during pregnancy. The Antiviral Registry reports 109 infants born to women who use the drug during the first trimester of pregnancy, and the frequency of birth defects was not increased (Antiretroviral Registry, 2018).
Drug profiles: generic names A–Z
Published in Jerome Z. Litt, Neil H. Shear, Litt's Drug Eruption & Reaction Manual, 2017
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amiodarone, amprenavir, atazanavir, carbamazepine, caspofungin, clarithromycin, clonazepam, cyclosporine, diltiazem, disopyramide, efavirenz, ethosuximide, etravirine, fentanyl, fluconazole, fosamprenavir, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, levonorgestrel, lidocaine, lopinavir, midazolam, nifedipine, rifampin, rilpivirine, simeprevir, St John’s wort, verapamil
Drug profiles: generic names A-Z
Published in Jerome Z. Litt, Neil H. Shear, Litt's Drug Eruption & Reaction Manual, 2017
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amiodarone, amprenavir, atazanavir, carbamazepine, caspofungin, clarithromycin, clonazepam, cyclosporine, diltiazem, disopyramide, efavirenz, ethosuximide, etravirine, fentanyl, fluconazole, fosamprenavir, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, levonorgestrel, lidocaine, lopinavir, midazolam, nifedipine, rifampin, rilpivirine, simeprevir, St John’s wort, verapamil
Safety analysis of Lexiva tablets 700 (fosamprenavir calcium hydrate) in post-marketing surveillance in Japan
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2020
Akiko Fukuda, Takako Nagao, Tomomi Kitaichi, Ichiro Koga, Akihiro Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Miura
Fosamprenavir (Lexiva® Tablets 700, ViiV Healthcare, Tokyo), a prodrug of amprenavir (GlaxoSmithKline, United Kingdom), is one of the drugs available for treatment of HIV infection. The approved dosage of fosamprenavir is 1400 mg daily with ritonavir or 2800 mg daily without ritonavir.5 The conditions for approval by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare required that post-marketing surveillance of all patients who received fosamprenavir in Japan should be conducted to assess the actual use of the product at its initial approval. Post-marketing data were collected from 365 patients at 26 sites in Japan between January 2005 and December 2014 and analyzed for safety and effectiveness of fosamprenavir. When fosamprenavir was used as a component of ART, the incidence of adverse events whose causal relationship could not be completely ruled out (adverse drug reactions; ADRs) and serious adverse events were 43.7% and 21.7%, respectively.
Prescribing issues in elderly individuals living with HIV
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019
Catia Marzolini, Françoise Livio
Normal aging and HIV infection are characterized by interconnected immune-inflammatory processes, which may potentiate each other [42]. Consistent with this assumption, age-related co-morbidities tend to occur at an earlier age in PLWH compared to age-matched uninfected individuals. Besides chronic immune activation by HIV infection, the earlier onset of comorbidities in PLWH may also relate to behavioral, lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use) and viral co-infections (e.g. hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases), all of which place them at higher risk of acquiring comorbidities [43]. In addition, chronic exposure to antiretroviral drugs, especially the first generation of PIs, NNRTIs, and NRTIs is associated with various toxicities leading for instance to metabolic disorders (e.g. dyslipidemia is frequently observed with the PIs fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, the NNRTI efavirenz, the NRTI stavudine; hyperlactatemia can occur with the NRTIs zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine) [44,45]. The NtRTI tenofovir disoproxil fumarate can cause renal toxicity [46], efavirenz can lead to CNS side effects (i.e. sleep disturbance, headache, depression, suicidal ideation) whereas hypersensitivity reactions have been reported for the NNRTI nevirapine [45].
Recent advances in nanoformulation development of Ritonavir, a key protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV-AIDS
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Srinivas Reddy Jitta, Navya Ajitkumar Bhaskaran, Shirleen Miriam Marques, Lalit Kumar
PIs were first introduced in 1995 and are an integral part of the HARRT treatment regimen [6]. Currently, there are 10 drugs (Saquinavir, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, amprenavir, nelfinavir, fosamprenavir and tipranavir) available under the class of PIs. The protease enzyme of HIV cleaves viral proteins at a specific site, the gag and gag- pol polypeptide precursors resulting in the formation of functional subunits which are important for the formation of viral capsid during the replication cycle of HIV. PIs inhibit the protease enzyme of HIV competitively, resulting in the formation of immature virions and thereby preventing the spread of new infections [5,37–39].