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Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates Including Those Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Sood and Taylor61 reviewed 56 cases of acrylic reactions between 1988 and 2002, a follow-up from earlier work.54 The sources of acrylic exposure included acrylic nails, dental materials, adhesives, and UV paint. The authors noted an increase in positive (meth)acrylate patch tests compared to a previous 10-year period. The highest number of reactions, in order of the number of positive reactions, was seen with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA). They noted that EGDMA was a good marker for all the exposure groups. These results have been consistent with earlier patient studies,57,59 as well as more recent reports.62,63
Interactions between Oral Bacteria and Antibacterial Polymer-Based Restorative Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Fernando L. Esteban Florez, Sharukh S. Khajotia
The problem is exacerbated further on composite resin because these materials were demonstrated to have shorter service lives, accumulate more biofilms when compared to enamel[45] and other restorative materials,[46] and the biomass accumulated is more cariogenic in nature.[47–50] Hansel et al.,[51] while studying the effects of extractable components of composites over the growth of oral microorganisms, have demonstrated that some comonomers, such as Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (ECDMA) and Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), upregulate the growth of acidogenic microorganisms. The pathogenic biofilm may play important roles in materials’ biodegradation, hybrid layer deterioration, and pulpal irritation. Most importantly, the increased acidification of the microenvironment influences the selection of microorganisms with higher cariogenic potential, which predisposes to major shifts in the ecology of oral biofilms and triggers the development of oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis.
Occupational nail diseases
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Deepika Pandhi, Vandana Kataria
Amongst acrylics, the methacrylate and acrylate compounds are found in plastic glass for aircraft, paints, coatings, and printing inks, as well as in dentistry. Also, acrylates have a broad area of application in various products, such as the manufacture of dental prostheses and tooth fillings; printing colors; lacquers; paints; orthopedic prostheses and splints; soft contact lenses; histological preparations; floor waxes; floor coatings; surface treatments of leather, textiles, and paper products; nail cosmetics; and as glues, sealants, and adhesives.14 Nail cosmetics are obviously important allergens of the nail region. Usually, the dorsal aspects of some of the fingers and paronychial tissue, face, and the eyelids may begin to show an ACD.15 Thumb and index or middle finger of left hand of manicurists, who are constantly exposed to acrylates may also show ACD.16 Recently, in a study of 66 patients allergic to some acrylic monomer, the most commonly positive allergens were the methacrylates: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2-HEMA and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA), and the acrylates diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA), and triethylene glycol diacrylate (TREGDA). The three methacrylates were positive in most patients exposed to dental products, glues, or artificial nails, and DEGDA was an important allergen in patients exposed to acrylates in printing work and in the manufacture of UV-cured paints. The patterns of concomitant reactions imply that methacrylates might induce cross-reactivity to acrylates, whereas acrylates do not usually induce sensitization to methacrylates.17
Comparative analysis of two isocyanate-free urethane-based gels for antifouling applications
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Vishal Vignesh, Shane Stafslien, Morgan Evans, Kellen Wise, Alec Marmo, Michael Tonks, Anthony Brennan
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) polymer gels have been investigated for AF/FR applications in various studies (Cowling et al. 2000; Magin et al. 2011). Cowling et al. (2000) suggest that the hydrophilic surface of polyHEMA gels contributes to fouling resistance, given that microfouling was less frequent on hydrophilic gels than more on hydrophobic surfaces. Magin et al. (2011) demonstrated the fact that poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) co-polymerized with HEMA showed reduced initial attachment of U. linza zoospores (97%) and the diatom N. incerta (58%) compared with polydimethylsiloxane standards. One limitation of HEMA-based gels is their poor mechanical characteristics. Boazak et al. (2019) reported that HEMA gels experience a decrease in modulus and brittle failure under fully hydrated conditions.
Determination of some adsorption and kinetic parameters of α-amylase onto Cu+2-PHEMA beads embedded column
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Ömür Acet, Neşe Hayat Aksoy, Demet Erdönmez, Mehmet Odabaşı
α-amylase (EC:3.2.1.1), 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), ammonium persulfate (APS), N,N′-methylene-bis(acrylamide) (MBAAm), 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylene diamine (TEMED) were supplied from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and other chemicals were assured from Merck AG (Darmstadt, Germany). The water utilized in these studies was purified using a Barnstead (Dubuque, IA) ROpure LP reverse osmosis unit with a high flow cellulose acetate membrane (Barnstead D2731), followed by exposure to a Barnstead D3804 NANOpure organic/colloid removal and ion Exchange packed bed system. All samples and buffer solutions were prefiltered through a 0.2 mm membrane (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany), and all materials were washed with diluted nitric acid before use.
Transport and delivery of interferon-α through epithelial tight junctions via pH-responsive poly(methacrylic acid-grafted-ethylene glycol) nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2019
Mary Caldorera-Moore, Julia E. Vela Ramirez, Nicholas A. Peppas
Poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-tert-butylamino methacrylate, designated henceforth as (P(MAA-g-EG-co-tBMA)), complexation hydrogels were synthesised by a photo-emulsion polymerisation method previously reported by our group [36]. Briefly, tert-butylamino methacrylate (tBMA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA, Sigma-Aldrich) were passed through a column of basic alumina powder to remove inhibitor prior to use. Methacrylic acid (MAA, St. Louis, MO) was vacuum distilled at 54 °C/25 mm Hg to remove the inhibitor, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate ((PEGMMA), Mn ∼2080, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as received.