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Authority and Gatekeeping: 1900 to c. 1950
Published in John K. Crellin, A Social History of Medicines in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Macpherson's prescribing was also characterized by relatively few mixtures and certainly no complex ones—rarely more than four constituents even in the earliest (1913) of his found prescriptions. The most detailed, a favored one for coughs/colds, contained potassium citrate, wine of ipecacuanha, spirits of ethyl nitrite, and syrup of tolu and wild cherry (the latter always specified as the Wyeth brand). Quantities of ingredients in the prescription varied for children and adults. Another Macpherson multi-ingredient prescription is worthy of comment because it can be linked to his lifelong interest in acidosis (see Chapter 3). Although labeled for acidosis, its ingredients—acetozone (benzoyl-acetyl-peroxide, an antiseptic), oil of gaultheria (wintergreen, also antiseptic), saccharin (as a sweetener), and water—suggest it was more an intestinal antiseptic to treat gastric and intestinal fermentations caused by bacteria.63
Cardiovascular drugs
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate), amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, isosorbide mononitrate, and isosorbide dinitrate are used medically to dilate coronary vessels and to reduce blood pressure. Ethylene glycol nitrite, ethyl nitrite, mannitol hexanitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrite, trolnitrite phosphate, and nitroglycerin are industrial chemicals. In some instances nitrates such as bismuth subnitrate or nitrate from well water may be converted to nitrite by the action of intestinal bacteria. The nitrites then may cause nitrite poisoning. Nitrites are also used to preserve the color of meat in pickling or salting processes.
Molecular mechanisms of ethanol biotransformation: enzymes of oxidative and nonoxidative metabolic pathways in human
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska, Piotr Tomaszewski, Jan Pachecka, Marta Struga, Wioletta Olejarz, Magdalena Mielczarek-Puta, Grażyna Nowicka
The formation of ethyl phosphate and ethyl nitrite plays a marginal role in the non-oxidative biotransformation of ethanol. The first of them, according to the hypothesis of Tomaszewski and Buchowicz (1972), is formed in the liver as a result of ethanolysis of endogenous phosphate esters. The presence of small concentrations of ethyl nitrate was found in the blood of smokers consuming ethanol, formed as a result of oxidation of ethanol by peroxynitrite (Dinis-Oliveira, 2016).