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Order Blubervirales: Surface Protein
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Furthermore, a prospective malaria vaccine candidate, under the Metavax name, was generated on this versatile DHBs platform (Chan et al. 2019; Wetzel et al. 2019). The production process was highly efficient. Thus, up to 100 mg mosaic VLPs were isolated from 100 g dry cell mass with a maximum protein purity of 90%. The mosaic VLPs contained 70% DHBs helper to 30% fusion protein. Remarkably, the mosaic VLPs displaying the transmission stage proteins Pfs230 and Pfs25 effectively induced antibodies to the specific antigens with minimal induction of antibodies to the DHBs carrier. Antibodies to Pfs230 recognized native protein on the surface of gametocytes, and antibodies to both Pfs230 and Pfs25 demonstrated transmission-reducing activity in standard membrane feeding assays. Generally, this study strongly contributed to tomorrow’s vaccine generation technique by the record-breaking presentation of leading malaria transmission blocking antigens of up to 80 kDa on the surface of mosaic VLPs.
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Ritter, Johann Wilhelm (1776–1810) German physicist who studied medicine at Jena. He discovered ultraviolet light through its darkening effect on silver chloride in 1801. He constructed a dry cell battery in 1802 and an accumulator in 1803.
The Importance of Temperature Control When Investigating High Threshold Calcium Currents in Mammalian Neurones
Published in Avital Schurr, Benjamin M. Rigor, BRAIN SLICES in BASIC and CLINICAL RESEARCH, 2020
R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, John S. Kelly
The temperature controller (circuit designed by Dr. I. Forsythe) was powered by dry cell batteries to eliminate the introduction of 50 Hz powerline noise into the Faraday cage. In addition, the power source for the peltier devices was two commercial car batteries, to allow large DC current of up to 4 A to be passed, again without the problem of noise. The control circuit was calibrated using a bipolar thermometer (Comark) with the reference thermistor placed in boiling tetramethylsilene (26.8°C) and the test thermistor in the center of the petri dish, with normal operating conditions. With a perfusion rate of 1.0 ml/min, the central area of the dish could be kept at a fairly constant and predictable temperature. In the experiments described in this chapter, the main bulk involved measurements between 15°C and 25°C. The average ambient temperature was 22.1 ± 0.2°C (n = 165). Thus the difference from ambient was never extreme, and all measurements that were frequently done suggested that the central area of the dish used to allow cells to settle on was at temperatures that were controlled to ±0.5°C of the desired level. Increases in temperature of 5°C (the normal magnitude of temperature jumps) could be performed in less than 1 min, while cooling by 5°C took 1 to 3 min, depending on the relation of the desired temperature to ambient and whether ice-cold water was being passed through the copper tube in heat sink 2. Figure 2 illustrates the length of time taken for two parameters, amplitude and activation rate, to settle at a new temperature. The cell was originally held at 15°C during the time shown by the horizontal bar. It can be seen that the heat sink temperature reached a level appropriate for the dish to be at 20°C after just 40 s. Both the activation rate and the amplitude settled to new values after a further 40 s, though it can be seen that the activation rate changed quicker than the amplitude. Recordings of all parameters were normally made 2 min after the temperature of the heat sink settled at a new level. The effects of temperature have been studied in the range 15 to 30°C where the current kinetics could be clearly resolved, though most experiments were conducted between 15°C and 25°C as explained in the results sections.
Lithium effects on serine-threonine kinases activity: High throughput kinomic profiling of lymphoblastoid cell lines from excellent-responders and non-responders bipolar patients
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
Jeverson Moreira, Gaëlle Noé, Savithri Rangarajan, Cindie Courtin, Bruno Etain, Pierre A. Geoffroy, Jean-Louis Laplanche, Michel Vidal, Frank Bellivier, Cynthia Marie-Claire
As previously described, fresh peripheral blood samples were taken from patients during euthymic states and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were obtained (Geoffroy et al. 2017). Cell lines were grown in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% of foetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin/L-glutamine (Life Technologies, France), at 37 °C, in the presence of 5% CO2. When LCL cultures yield the required cell density (6–9 × 105 cells/ml), aliquots of 5 × 106 cells from each sample were collected. Cells were then rinsed twice in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) (Life Technologies, France) and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 8 min at 4 °C. After a third rinsing with DPBS (centrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C) the dry cell pellets were stored at −80 °C.