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Entheogenesis and Entheogenic Employment of Harmal
Published in Ephraim Shmaya Lansky, Shifra Lansky, Helena Maaria Paavilainen, Harmal, 2017
Ephraim Shmaya Lansky, Shifra Lansky, Helena Maaria Paavilainen
Ayahuasca is an aqueous decoction, which according to Luna (2011) contains either Banisteriopsis caapi with Psychotria viridis or B. caapi with Diplopterys cabrerana. It is the B. caapi that is pharmaceutically similar to P. harmala (Figure 3.4).
Ayahuasca and Public Health II: Health Status in a Large Sample of Ayahuasca-Ceremony Participants in the Netherlands
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2023
Maja Kohek, Genís Ona, Michiel van Elk, Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos, Jaime E. C. Hallak, Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Córcoles, José Carlos Bouso
Ayahuasca is a decoction commonly made with the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (Schultes 1967), which contains β-carbolines (mostly harmine) that are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), in combination with plants such as Psychotria viridis and Diplopterys cabrerana that contain N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which is a hallucinogenic compound (McKenna, Towers, and Abbott 1984). The recipe for the brew varies slightly among the different Indigenous, mestizo, and religious groups of South America that use it in ceremonial contexts (Luna 2011). Furthermore, ayahuasca analogues made with the β-carboline-containing Peganum harmala and DMT-containing Mimosa hostilis (jurema) are also used as alternatives to ayahuasca.
Traditional Use of Banisteriopsis caapi Alone and Its Application in a Context of Drug Addiction Therapy
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2021
Matteo Politi, Fabio Friso, Gary Saucedo, Jaime Torres
In Awajún cosmovision, the herbalist doctor or tsuwájatin (Baud 2009; Delgado 1986) uses medicinal plants to treat diseases of natural origin, in contrast with those of supernatural origin treated by the iwishin, a healer capable of handling invisible forces (Brown 1984; Delgado 1986). These two types of healers are distinguished also by the use they make of the four main psychotropic plants known in the Awajún culture, which are Tsaág, a kind of tobacco known as mapacho (Nicotiana rustica), one of the most common medicinal plants among the Awajún and widely consumed in liquid form in shamanic rituals (Brown 1984);Datem or ayahuasca (B. caapi), also known with the Spanish name of purga (purge) for its emetic and laxative effects, is also prescribed to cure ulcers, detoxify urine and relieve the prostate (Baud 2008);Toé, also known as baikúa or tsúwak (Brugmansia suaveolens); stems and leaves are used among the Awajún for different medicinal purposes. These include healing bone problems and fractures, to protect against witchcraft and to obtain visions (Baud 2009).Yaji (Diplopterys cabrerana), its leaves are the most common admixture plant used by the Awajún in the preparation of the ayahuasca brew. This is in contrast with other ethnic or mestizos groups that prefer chacruna (P. viridis) as an admixture ingredient (Luna 2011).
Ayahuasca and Public Health: Health Status, Psychosocial Well-Being, Lifestyle, and Coping Strategies in a Large Sample of Ritual Ayahuasca Users
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2019
Genís Ona, Maja Kohek, Tomàs Massaguer, Alfred Gomariz, Daniel F. Jiménez, Rafael G. Dos Santos, Jaime E. C. Hallak, Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Córcoles, José Carlos Bouso
The most common presentation of ayahuasca is the combination of B. caapi with P. viridis, or with the vine Diplopterys cabrerana, which contains the hallucinogenic compound N,N-Dimetyltryptamine (DMT). The expansion of ayahuasca from the jungle into urban Brazil (Grob et al. 1996; Labate 2004; Luna 2011; McKenna 2004) and then internationally (Sánchez and Bouso 2015) has led to its being used in multiple eclectic and syncretic ways throughout the world.