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Warts
Published in Robert Baran, Dimitris Rigopoulos, Chander Grover, Eckart Haneke, Nail Therapies, 2021
Immunotherapy with topical squaric acid dibutylether or diphenylcyclopropenone used once a week is effective in the treatment of resistant warts. They act as strong topical sensitizers. Of the patients using this method, 87.7% achieved clearance with an average of five treatments over a 6-month period.
Topical Contact Immunotherapy in Alopecia Areata
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Andrea Combalia, Juan Ferrando
Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), also known as diphencyprone (DPC), is probably the sensitizer most used worldwide to treat AA both in children and adult patients. DPCP was first synthetized in 1959, and the protocol for contact immunotherapy using DPCP was described by Happle et al. in 1983 [8].
Drug-induced hypopigmentation
Published in Electra Nicolaidou, Clio Dessinioti, Andreas D. Katsambas, Hypopigmentation, 2019
Katerina Damevska, Suzana Nikolovska, Razvigor Darlenski, Ljubica Suturkova, Torello Lotti
Repeated applications of diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), dinitrochlorobenzene, and squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) stimulate an immune response and may potentially be useful in the treatment of alopecia areata and recalcitrant warts. Few studies report leucoderma as a side effect of treatment with DPCP43 and SADBE.44 Leukoderma may be related to a direct cytotoxic effect on the melanocytes or may represent a Koebner phenomenon to individuals predisposed to vitiligo.45 Topical immunotherapy should be discontinued at the earliest sign of pigment loss. Repigmentation may occur with application of topical steroids and/or phototherapy, but complete recovery is uncertain.45
Nail involvement in patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata treated with oral tofacitinib
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Ji Su Lee, Chang-Hun Huh, Ohsang Kwon, Hyun-Sun Yoon, Soyun Cho, Hyun-sun Park
In AA, nail pitting is the most common condition among patients with nail involvement; other conditions include Beau’s lines, onychorrhexis, thinning or thickening, onychomadesis, koilonychias and red-spotted lunulae (1,2). Nails can be affected before, concurrent with, or after hair loss, and nail involvement may persist even after hair regrowth. Several studies have suggested that nail involvement is more frequently seen in more extensive AA (13,16). However, there are only a few studies regarding the effect of nail involvement on treatment of AA. They are limited to immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone and the results are controversial (17–19). Our study showed that nails were involved in 45.5% of patients with AA, and nail pitting was the most common manifestation. Additionally, patients with nail involvement demonstrated more severe hair loss. However, nail involvement did not indicate a poor treatment outcome to tofacitinib treatment for AA.
The efficacy of diphencyprone immunotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous warts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Charussri Leeyaphan, Ploypailin Tantrapornpong, Patompong Ungprasert
The use of immunotherapy for the treatment of warts was first reported by Lewis et al. in 1973. They used 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as a contact allergic sensitizer to induce a localized, delayed hypersensitivity (4). As DNCB treatment was subsequently found to increase the risk of carcinogenesis, another contact immunotherapy, diphencyprone (DCP), which is also known as diphenylcyclopropenone, became preferred (5,6). DCP was experimentally used on alopecia areata and viral warts. As a wart treatment, DCP immunotherapy has demonstrated varied results, with its reported cure rates ranging from 44% to 93%. Therefore, this meta-analysis study aimed to report the efficacy of using DCP for the treatment of cutaneous warts (7–20).
Emerging drugs for alopecia areata: JAK inhibitors
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2018
Matilde Iorizzo, Antonella Tosti
This treatment is useful for long-standing AA and in children [13,14]. Before starting treatment, it is necessary to sensitize patients with a 2% solution of squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) or diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) under a closed patch applied on the alopecic scalp for 48 h. After 3 weeks, treatment can start with a weekly application of SADBE or DPCP diluted in acetone at a concentration chosen to obtain a mild contact dermatitis. These concentrations considerably vary among patients and even in the same patient during the treatment period. Mechanisms of action are still not completely understood: changes in the CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio and in the cytokine profile have been proposed [15].