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Role of Wild Plants in Curing and Healing the Skin Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mudassar Mehmood, Rao Zahid Abbas
The dose of aqueous extracts of C. intybus (CIAE) inhibited mast cell-immediate allergic reactions. These extracts dose-dependently prohibited the anaphylactic reactions induced by compound 48/80 in mice. At the dose rate of 1000 mg/kg it is also remarkably reduced local anaphylactic reactions that are initiated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE. The watery concentrate of C. intybus denies shaft cell-intervened brisk sort of unfavorable susceptible responses in vivo and in vitro. It is found that C. intybus prohibits prostaglandin E (2) and cyclooxygenase (2), and besides diminishing immunotoxicity incited by ethanol, have moderating properties (Jippo et al. 2000). A cosmetic composition is additionally created that anticipates maturing of the skin in which the active fixing is an extract of the elevated pieces of C. intybus. Its effectiveness consists of its capacity to preclude radical reactions, in particular by the chelation of iron.
Molecular Recognition and Chemical Modification of Biopolymers — Two Main Components of Affinity Modification
Published in Dmitri G. Knorre, Valentin V. Vlassov, Affinity Modification of Biopolymers, 1989
Dmitri G. Knorre, Valentin V. Vlassov
Low molecular weight molecules do not induce antibody formation. However in some cases, being conjugated to polymer (e.g., serum albumun), they stimulate the formation of antibodies which recognize these molecules. Among these molecules, dinitrophenyl residue is most thoroughly studied. Similarly, the conjugation of oligonucleotides and subsequent immunization of animals by these conjugates sometimes results in the production of immunoglobulins specific to definite nucleotide sequences. The small molecules which may induce the specific antibody formations being conjugated to polymers are referred to as haptens.
Biological Applications of Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence
Published in R. Michael Gendreau, Spectroscopy in the Biomedical Sciences, 1986
Seth A. Darst, Channing R. Robertson
Thompson and Axelrod29 used TIRF coupled with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to investigate the adsorbed states of antibodies to dinitrophenyl (DNP) on fused silica coated with DNP conjugated BSA. The observed fluorescence spontaneously fluctuates with time as fluorescent molecules exit and enter a small, well-defined surface area. These fluorescence fluctuations can be autocorrelated. The shape of the fluorescence autocorrelation function depends on the bulk and surface diffusion coefficients, the adsorption and desorption rates, and the geometry of the observed area.27 The binding of anti-DNP specifically to DNP on the surface was observed along with significant amounts of nonspecific binding. As pointed out by the authors, this is an interesting result that may also apply to binding between soluble proteins (antibodies or hormones, for example) and specific cell surface receptors. Other TIRF studies of antibody binding to antigen coated surfaces, however, have reported negligible amounts of nonspecific binding.38
Discovery of new quinolines as potent colchicine binding site inhibitors: design, synthesis, docking studies, and anti-proliferative evaluation
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Mohamed Hagras, Moshira A. El Deeb, Heba S. A. Elzahabi, Eslam B. Elkaeed, Ahmed B. M. Mehany, Ibrahim H. Eissa
Then, the impact of the B-ring (linker region) was investigated. The increased IC50 values of compounds 5, 6, and 7 incorporated open structure at the linker region than those of their corresponding members incorporating cyclic structure, indicated that cyclisation of the linker region (B-ring) is advantageous. For the B-ring, the cytotoxic activities decreased in the order of substituted five-membered ring (compounds 14–25) > non-substituted six-membered ring (compounds 26–34) > non-substituted five-membered ring (compounds 8–13). With regard to the substituted five-membered ring, it was found that the cytotoxicity decrease in the order of 2,4-dinitrophenyl (compounds 23–25) > phenyl (compounds 20–22) > ethane-1-thione (compounds 14–16) > ethan-1-one (compounds 17–19).
Protective effect of Argan oil on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress against acrylamide-induced liver and kidney injury in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Rahime Er, Birsen Aydın, Vedat Şekeroğlu, Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
Mitochondrial SOD (MnSOD) activity was measured according to Beauchamp and Fridovich (1971). Unit of SOD activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to cause 50%-inhibition of NBT reduction at 560 nm in the presence of riboflavin in the light. Catalase (CAT) activity was assayed according to Aebi (1984). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was measured by the method of Flohe and Gunzler (1984). GSH was estimated by its reaction with 5,5¢-Dithio (2-nitrobenzoic acid) following the method of Moron et al. (1979). The level of LP in the mitochondria was estimated according to the method of Esterbauer and Chessman (1990). Protein carbonyls (PCs) level was quantified by reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine as described by Levine et al. (1990).
N-acetyl cysteine treatment mitigates biomarkers of oxidative stress in different tissues of bile duct ligated rats
Published in Stress, 2021
Mohammad Mehdi Ommati, Ali Amjadinia, Khadijeh Mousavi, Negar Azarpira, Akram Jamshidzadeh, Reza Heidari
The reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione content in different tissues of cirrhotic animals was assessed by the HPLC analysis of deproteinized samples (TCA 50% w: v) after derivatization with iodoacetic acid and fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Meeks & Harrison, 1991). The technique is based on the formation of S-carboxymethyl derivatives of free thiol groups with iodoacetic acid, followed by the change of free amino groups to 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives by reaction with fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) (Meeks & Harrison, 1991). The HPLC system consisted of a 25 cm NH2 column (Bischoff chromatography, Leonberg, Germany), the flow rate 1 mL/min, and a UV detector (λ = 252 nm) (Meeks & Harrison, 1991). The mobile phases involved buffer A (Water: Methanol; 1:4 v: v) and buffer B (Acetate buffer: Buffer A; 1:4 v: v). A gradient method with a steady increase of buffer B to 95% in 20 min was used (Meeks & Harrison, 1991). GSSG and GSH were used as external standards. Tissue samples (200 mg) were homogenized in Tris-HCl buffer (250 mM; pH = 7.4; 4 °C), and 500 µL of TCA (50% w: v) was added. Samples were incubated for 15 min on ice. Afterward, samples were mixed well and centrifuged (15,000 g, 15 min, 4 °C). Then, the NaOH: NaHCO3 (2 M: 2 M) solution was added (≈300 µL) to 1 mL of the supernatant until the gas production was subsided. Afterward, 100 µL of iodoacetic acid (1.5% w: v in water) was added, and samples were incubated in the dark (1 h, 4 °C). Then, 500 µL of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB; 1.5% w: v in absolute ethanol) was added and incubated in the dark (25 °C, at least for 24 h). Finally, samples were centrifuged (15,000 g, 15 min), and 25 µL of the supernatant was injected into the described HPLC system (Meeks & Harrison, 1991; Truong et al., 2006).