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Cardiovascular drugs
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
The various anticoagulant drugs are used medically to inhibit the clotting mechanism. Warfarin and a number of chemicals with similar action are also used as rodenticides: dicumarol (bishydroxycoumarin), difenacoum, chlorophacinone, bromadiolone, brodifacoum (Talon), coumatetryl (Racumin), coumachlor, diphacinone, and pindone.
An outbreak of severe coagulopathy in northern Israel among users of illicit synthetic cannabinoids adulterated with brodifacoum
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
Yael Lurie, Yona Nadir, Ron Hoffman, Asaf Miller, Edna Efrati, Gil Ring, Dana Sonenfeld, Nitai Bar, Hisam Zaidani, Alexander Strizevsky, Mahdi Asali, Ophir Lavon, Daniel Kurnik
The simultaneous presentation of multiple young, otherwise mostly healthy users of illicit street drugs with an unexplained severe coagulopathy and bleeding was the key finding in a previous outbreak of long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide-associated coagulopathy in Illinois, USA, in 2018 [9,16,20–23], and those similarities allowed us to rapidly identify and respond to the outbreak. In both outbreaks, the patients were predominantly young men (73% males, median age 32 years in Illinois; 91% males, median age 38 years in Israel [9]) who reported synthetic cannabinoid use prior to admission (94% in our cohort). Moreover, in both outbreaks, brodifacoum was identified in all blood samples examined, while additional coumarin anticoagulants were present in Illinois (difenacoum in 33% of patients, bromadiolone in 13%, and warfarin in 7% [7]; difenacoum in 55%, bromadiolone in 5%) [9]. In our study, we determined plasma concentrations of brodifacoum and warfarin only and detected warfarin (in addition to brodifacoum) in one patient (4%).
Discovery of novel coumarin derivatives as potent and orally bioavailable BRD4 inhibitors based on scaffold hopping
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Zhimin Zhang, Lili Gu, Beibei Wang, Wenhai Huang, Yanmin Zhang, Zhen Ma, Shenxin Zeng, Zhengrong Shen
The natural products, normally with unique chemical structure, have long played an important role in drug discovery23. Coumarin (benzo-α-pyrone) skeleton found in nature has been considered as a privileged pharmacophore ascribed to the ability to exert noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, van der Waals force, metal coordination, and electrostatic interactions, etc.), with the various active sites in therapy targets24,25. Coumarins skeleton have gained momentous attention in the last decades as a lead structure for the discovery of orally bioavailable anti-cancer, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-inflammatory agents26–29. Several coumarin-based derivatives, such as Cloricromene30, Picumast31, Warfarin sodium32, and Difenacoum33 (Figure 2, coumarin skeleton marked in red) were approved for therapeutic purposes in clinic.
Pregnancy outcomes after suicide attempts by self-poisoning and drug overdose: experience of a clinical pharmacology consultation service in Izmir, Turkey
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Analgesics (paracetamol, dexketoprofen, flurbiprofen and naproxen, n = 4), rodenticides (brodifacoum, n = 2; difenacoum, n = 1), valsartan combinations with hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine (n = 2), amoxicillin (n = 2), ergotamine tartrate (n = 1), ferric hydroxide and a multivitamin complex (n = 1) were used in attempted suicides. Table 1 shows the maternal characteristics and the outcomes of pregnancies with suicide attempts.