China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Contains the alkaloid dauricine C38H44N2O6, presumably, tetrandrine C38H42N2O6, and circa 1.7% viburnitol. Above-ground parts contain acutumine C19H24NO6 the rhizome acu-tomidine, daurinoline, TV’-desmethyldauricine, magnoflorine, an aporphine N-methyllind-carpinmethiodide, the protoberberine dehydrocheilanthifoline. Seeds contain circa 16% oil with a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and 13.1% protein, 2.6% ash.
Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants, 2017
“Moonseed”ACUTIMIDINE RHACUTIMINE RH JSGBERBERINE NAPDAURICINE RH JSGDAURINOLINE RHDEHYDROCHEBLANTHIFOLINN-DESMETHYLDAURICINFAT 160,000 SDMAGNOFLORINEN-METHYLINDCARPINMETHIODIDEPROTEIN 131,000 SDTETRANDRINE RHVIBURNITOL LF ST
Nelumbo nucifera
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Pulok K. Mukherjee, Debayan Goswami, Bhaskar Das, Subhadip Banerjee
Normally lotus seeds are rich in protein, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals (Wu et al. 2007). Lotus seeds were also found to contain a variety of minerals like Cr (0.0042%), Na (1.00%), K (28.5%), Ca (22.10%), Mg (9.20%), Cu (0.0463%), Zn (0.0840%), Mn (0.356%) and Fe (0.1990%). Other relevant nutritional values include total ash (4.50%), moisture (10.50%), crude carbohydrate (1.93%), crude fibre (10.60%), fat (72.17%), protein (2.70%) and energy value (348.45 cal/100 g) (Indrayan et al. 2005). The major secondary metabolites present in the seeds are liensinine (1), isoliensinine (2), neferine (3), nuciferine (4), lotusine (5), demethylcoclaurine (6), pronuciferine (7), armepavine (8), dauricine (9), nelumboferine (10), methylcorypalline (11), rhamnetin (12), oleanolic acid (13) and gallic acid (14) (Chopra et al. 1956; Furukawa et al. 1965; Koshiyama et al. 1970; Liu et al. 2006; Rai et al. 2006; Chen et al. 2007c; Sridhar and Bhat 2007; Mukherjee et al. 2009; Kredy et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2012; Nishimura et al. 2013; Yang and Chen 2013; Addelhamid et al. 2015).
Intranasal administration of dauricine loaded on graphene oxide: multi-target therapy for Alzheimer's disease
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Kaixuan Wang, Lingfeng Wang, Ling Chen, Chiwei Peng, Beijiao Luo, Jingxin Mo, Wei Chen
Dauricine (Dau) is a dibenzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid extracted and isolated from the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum. Several studies have shown that Dau exhibited anti-proliferative activity against several different types of malignant cell (Zhang et al., 2018, 2019; Zhou et al., 2019). Dau can regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins through the mitochondrial pathway, inhibit cell apoptosis, and have a protective effect against brain damage (Li & Gong, 2007). Studies have also shown that Dau down-regulated caspase-3, alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and had protective effects in a nematode model of AD by stimulating the IRE-1/XBP-1 signaling pathway (Pu et al., 2018); it also had a strong antioxidant effect against acute oxidative damage (Wang et al., 2020). However, the short half-life, rapid metabolism, and certain cytotoxic effects of Dau (Wei et al., 2015; Liu & Liu, 2016) greatly limit its applicability for the treatment of AD.
Bioactivation of herbal constituents: mechanisms and toxicological relevance
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Dauricine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is the major bioactive component isolated from the roots of Menispermum dauricum D.C., which has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of throat swelling and chronic bronchitis. Despite its broad therapeutic benefits including antiarrhythmic, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects, single intraperitoneal dose of dauricine produced selective pulmonary injury in mice, including intra-alveolar edema and hemorrhage (Jin et al. 2010). Pretreatment with ketoconazole, a CYP3A inhibitor, reversed cellular GSH depletion and showed protective effects on dauricine-induced pulmonary toxicity. These findings are in line with CYP3A-mediated bioactivation of dauricine to quinone methide intermediates in incubations with mouse lung microsomes and human liver microsomes (Wang et al. 2009; Jin et al. 2010). Dauricine contains a para-methylene phenol substructure, and ortho- and para-alkyl-substituted phenols can undergo π-oxidation to quinone methides, capable of reacting with protein and DNA nucleophiles leading to cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis (Figure 11(b)). Concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity of dauricine was demonstrated in cultured human lung cell lines, and enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis were observed in the presence of the glutathione depletor, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which may explain the liver resistance to acute dauricine toxicity due to its higher glutathione capacity against the quinone methide species (Jin et al. 2012). Similarly, berbamine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from herbal medicine Berberis amurensis with the para-methylene phenol substructure, was found to undergo CYP3A4-mediated bioactivation to quinone methide intermediates both in vitro and in vivo (Sun et al. 2017) (Figure 11(c)).