China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
An Approach to Visual Loss in a Child
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Muhammad Hassaan Ali, Stacy L. Pineles
Cycloplegic refraction should be performed in all children after instillation of cyclopentolate or atropine eye drops. Cycloplegic retinoscopy not gives us accurate refractive status of the child but also provides us diagnostic clues for final diagnosis of the patient.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Cyclopentolate is a parasympatholytic anticholinergic drug. Administered in the eye, cyclopentolate blocks the acetylcholine receptor in the sphincter muscle of the iris and the ciliary muscle, thereby preventing contraction. This produces mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye), which facilitates ophthalmic diagnostic procedures. Cyclopentolate acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action (1). In pharmaceutical products, cyclopentolate is employed as cyclopentolate hydrochloride (CAS number 5870-29-1, EC number 227-521-8, molecular formula C17H26ClNO3) (1).
Refraction over cycloplegia: 2 versus 3 eyedrops use of cyclopentolate
Published in Jan-Tjeerd de Faber, 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting, 2020
L Sellami, ML Le Lez, A Denoyer, M Santallier, PJ Pisella, S Arsène
Introduction: Children refraction is usually made under cycloplegia using a three eyedrops cyclopentolate (5 mg/ml)protocol. Instillations are given using a 5 minutes interval of time. Standard protocol is based on a two drops of cyclopentolate administration,at 10 minutes interval. The objective refraction is realised 45 minutes after the first eyedrop in both cases. The aim of the study is to compare results of refraction in these two protocols of cycloplegia.
Time for effective cycloplegia in patients with brown iris
Published in Strabismus, 2022
Rami Al-Omari, Dema Atoum, Yousef Khader, Wedad Al-Dolat, Hisham M. Jammal, Wejdan Al-Thawabieh, Ibrahim Asseidat, Khaled Seetan
In the current study, two drops of cyclopentolate 1% were applied as a cycloplegic protocol in this patient group. Minderhout9 found that two drops of cyclopentolate 1% and one drop of cyclopentolate 1% combined with one drop of tropicamide 1% provided almost comparable outcomes in hypermetropic subjects with dark irides but were slightly inferior to atropine 0.5% administered at home, which revealed a slightly significant higher hypermetropia. Considering the burden of multiple atropine applications, the increased risk of noncompliance to this protocol, and the prolonged recovery time from cycloplegia, this protocol should be avoided whenever possible.9 We also excluded crying or uncooperative children during or following cyclopentolate 1% instillation to ensure an optimal outcome and thereby a precise representation of the results.9
Should “Retro-ocular Pain, Photophobia and Visual Acuity Loss” Be Recognised as a Distinct Entity? The ROPPVAL Syndrome
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
Francesco Pellegrini, Erika Mandarà, Daniele Brocca
Photophobia is defined as a painful sensation to light exposure. Recently, a novel population of retinal neurons, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (IPRGCs), have been identified as photophobia transducers in the eye.13 Notably, these IPRGCs project onto trigeminal neurons14 and pain nuclei in the thalamus,15,16 which are also involved in migraine pathogenesis. We believe that “stimuli”, like those involved in migraine, may trigger the trigeminal nerve fibres which collect painful light sensations from the eye when activated by IPRGCs. We believe that the ciliary ganglia located in orbital-fat behind the globe may play a major role in determining this stereotyped syndrome, because of the relief of symptoms when amitriptyline or cyclopentolate drops are administered. We can speculate that activated trigeminal pain-sensing fibres and light-activated fibres may affect parasympathetic neurons and/or vice versa. Cyclopentolate is an anticholinergic drug, thus paralyses the iris sphincter constrictor and ciliary body muscles. Cycloplegia is commonly used in ophthalmology to reduce inflammation and pain due to different ocular conditions such as iritis where the ciliary body over-contraction is the main cause of pain.
Practical use and prescription of ocular medications in children and infants
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Ann L Webber, Phillipa Sharwood
In healthy children, one drop of 0.5% cyclopentolate is recommended for use in children aged less than 12 months of age, and 1% for older children for routine comprehensive refractive and ocular health examination. Typically, one drop of 1% cyclopentolate is preceded by one drop of topical anaesthetic (0.5% proxymetacine hydrocholoride or oxybuprocaine), with refractive error measure carried out 30 min after drop instillation once cycloplegic. Iris colour and ethnicity are reported to influence the time-course of cycloplegia, with dark irides requiring up to 40 min to reach full loss of accommodation, compared with only 10 min in individuals with light iris colour. While mydriasis accompanies cycloplegia, the increase in pupil size lags behind the loss of accommodation.9