China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Viral Infections in Asthma
Published in Jonathan A. Bernstein, Mark L. Levy, Clinical Asthma, 2014
Microorganisms are known to live inside and on the skin of humans (microbiota), and the collective genomes of these microbiota (microbiome) and the emerging evidence suggest that the composition of individual microbiomes may mediate the risk of diseases including asthma2 (see also Chapter 27). A study by Bisgaard et al. suggests that early colonization (at age 1 month) with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis was associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 5.65 Similar studies in older children and adults have shown that Haemophilus spp. and other microorganisms (including members of the Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Oxalobacteraceae families) correlate with asthma, lung function, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Albeit distant from the bronchial tree, gut microbiota may also direct a Th2 immune response leading to allergy and asthma.2
Bacterial extracellular vesicles in biofluids as potential diagnostic biomarkers
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Kar-Yan Su, Jie-Yi Koh Kok, Yie-Wei Chua, Shearn-Dior Ong, Hooi Leng Ser, Priyia Pusparajah, Pui San Saw, Bey Hing Goh, Wai-Leng Lee
Moreover, Lee et al. [13] studied the plasma BEVs as a diagnostic marker for BTC and cholangitis. In the study, a total of 155 subjects were enrolled: 88 HC, 24 diagnosed BTC, and 43 cholangitis (benign inflammation of the biliary system). The BEVs were isolated using differential centrifugation described by a previous study [21]. Similarly, a boiling method was included to optimize the BEVs isolation protocol. The extracellular DNA was then extracted from the BEVs. Instead of the entire 16S rRNA gene, the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene was used for sequencing analysis to trace back the origin of BEVs. In the study, the compositional differences between Bifidobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae families as well as Corynebacteriaceae Corynebacterium, Oxalobacteraceae Ralstonia, and Comamonadaceae Comamonas species between patients BTC and HC were established through a beta diversity analysis, suggesting a potential diagnostic model for BTC. However, this study failed to identify a significant difference in microbiota composition between cholangitis patients and BTC patients.
Intraguild predation between Pristionchus pacificus and Caenorhabditis elegans: a complex interaction with the potential for aggressive behaviour
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Kathleen T. Quach, Sreekanth H. Chalasani
C. elegans has been cultivated in the laboratory setting with E. coli, OP50 since its debut as a model organism (Brenner, 1974). However, like P. pacificus, C. elegans is found in nature with a variety of other bacteria species, with Enterobacteriaceae and Acetobacteraceae species associated with high proliferation (Dirksen et al., 2016; Samuel et al., 2016; Schulenburg & Félix, 2017). Caenorhabditis elegans also displays a preference for bacterial species other than E. coli OP50, particularly if the other bacteria is higher quality food, as measured by growth rate (Shtonda & Avery, 2006). Furthermore, C. elegans raised on higher-quality bacteria leave mediocre bacteria more often (Shtonda & Avery, 2006). One such high-quality bacterial strain is Comamonas sp., which was isolated from a soil environment (Avery & Shtonda, 2003). Interestingly, the list of bacteria naturally found with and preferred by P. pacificus also includes the Comamonadaceae family (Akduman et al., 2018; Koneru et al., 2016). Additionally, a Comamonas sp. DA1877 diet has been shown to increase surplus killing in P. pacificus via increased the same B12 mechanism as in a Novosphingobium L76 diet (Akduman et al., 2019). Therefore, Comamonas sp. may be useful in mutually exacerbating competition between P. pacificus and C. elegans.
Biofilm diversity, structure and matrix seasonality in a full-scale cooling tower
Published in Biofouling, 2018
L. Di Gregorio, R. Congestri, V. Tandoi, T. R. Neu, S. Rossetti, F. Di Pippo
Despite the seasonal variations in diversity and structure, all biofilm communities shared OTUs affiliated to the Sphingomonadaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae and Comamonadaceae, whose percentage contribution to the total OTUs did not vary substantially over the year. The families Sphingomonadaceae and Comamonadaceae include common bacteria that have widespread distribution in aquatic systems and were found also in biofilms grown in Chinese and Italian cooling towers (Wang et al. 2013; Di Gregorio et al. 2017). Their capability of shifting from a motile to a sessile lifestyle can explain their high abundance also in source communities and in recirculating water as previously observed in other types of cooling towers (Di Gregorio et al. 2017). Moreover, the NGS results showed that source communities comprised a high abundance of bacteria that were absent in the biofilm and recirculating water communities (Figure 8). This is the case for Herminiimonas in winter, Porphyrobacter in spring and autumn and members belonging to Sporichthyaceae in summer, that are likely disadvantaged by specific conditions such as temperature and the biocide concentration in the cooling tower. On the other hand, the presence of members of the Sphingomonadaceae that are typically connected to anthropogenic influence may reflect their ability to use a wide range of organic compounds and the capability of surviving in sites contaminated by toxic compounds including chlorine (Lührig et al. 2015).