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Pyrithione Zinc
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In a group of 119 patients with allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics, investigated in The Netherlands in 1986-1987, one case was caused by zinc pyrithione in a shampoo (17,18). Two cases (11) and one case each (5,10,12,13) of allergic reactions from zinc pyrithione in shampoos have been reported. One patient had worsening of scalp psoriasis and eyelid dermatitis from contact allergy to zinc pyrithione and cocamide DEA in an anti-dandruff shampoo (2). Another patient developed allergic contact dermatitis from zinc pyrithione in shampoo, which led to worsening of existing psoriasis (Köbner-phenomenon) and development of pustular psoriasis (3). A similar case had been reported previously (9). Two patients had allergic contact dermatitis from zinc pyrithione, one by its presence in a hair cream, the other from the same hair cream and from an antidandruff lotion (6). In another patient, contact allergic sensitivity to zinc pyrithione in a shampoo was followed by the photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome (7). One patient reacted to zinc pyrithione in a hair cream and a shampoo (8). One patient was allergic to zinc pyrithione, of whom details are unknown (1).
Surfactants in Cosmetic Products
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Ricardo Pedro, Kenneth A. Walters
Among the non-ionic surfactants, fatty alkanolamides are very popular in shampoos, because they present good thickening properties, contribute to stabilization of foam, enhance the solubilization of fatty esters, glycols, alcohols, essential oils, and so forth, and their conditioning effect and low detergency reduce the dryness caused by the anionic surfactants. Cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA and cocamide DEA are very well-known alkanolamides, but the latter is being currently replaced due to toxicological concerns.
Hair Styling/Fixative Products
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
Joseph A. Dallal, Colleen M. Rocafort
The choice of surfactant in an aerosol foam mousse is also quite critical, since the foam must have sufficiently initial stability yet break down fairly rapidly under the action of rubbing through the hair. This short-term stability is achieved by reducing the level of surfactant, adding a nonionic fatty-acid derived surfactant or long-chain fatty alcohol, or using a surfactant with an HLB value in the range of 12 to 16. Commonly used surfactants in an aerosol foam mousse are PEG-23-lauroyl ether (Laureth-23), laureth-7, PEG-150 distearate, oleth-20, quaternium-52, cocamine oxide, cocamide DEA, octoxynol-9, emulsifying wax and cocamidopropylbetaine. Typical use levels are 0.5% to 3.0%; preferred levels are 0.5% to 1.0%.
Development of invaethosomes and invaflexosomes for dermal delivery of clotrimazole: optimization, characterization and antifungal activity
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Sureewan Duangjit, Kozo Takayama, Sureewan Bumrungthai, Jongjan Mahadlek, Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, Praneet Opanasopit
Transethosomes (T-ETS) are a double vesicle combination of transferosomes and ethosomes, as introduced by Song et al. (2012). This carrier dramatically enhances both in vitro and in vivo skin permeation of voriconazole in the dermis/epidermis region relative to deformable liposomes, conventional liposomes, and polyethylene glycol solution. Transinvasomes (T-IVS) are a combination of transfersomes and invasomes (Duangjit et al. 2017). The primary penetration enhancers of T-IVS, d-limonene (terpene) and cocamide diethanolamine (a nonionic surfactant), affected the skin permeability of capsaicin. These carriers dramatically enhance both in vivo and in vitro skin permeation of the drug in the dermis/epidermis region.