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Oxyfunctionalization of Pharmaceuticals by Fungal Peroxygenases
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Jan Kiebist, Martin Hofrichter, Ralf Zuhse, Katrin Scheibner
The second UPO was isolated in 2007 from Coprinellus radians (CraUPO, family Psathyrellaceae). Like AaeUPO, it oxidizes naphthalene, aryl alcohols, and bromide ions. Both enzymes show only minor differences in the conversion of aliphatics, aromatics and heterocycles and in the corresponding kinetic data (Anh et al., 2007; Aranda et al., 2009; Gutiérrez et al., 2011). A third UPO was described in 2011 for Marasmius rotula (MroUPO, family Marasmiaceae); compared to the two other UPOs, it turned out to have significantly different catalytic properties: MroUPO does not oxidize halides, it has a noticeable preference for aliphatic substrates and converts sterically more demanding and bulkier substrates (Babot et al., 2015a; Gröbe et al., 2011; Kiebist et al., 2015). Recently, the first wild-type UPO of an ascomycetous fungus with interesting molecular architecture has been characterized, namely that of Chaetomium globosum (CglUPO, family Chaetomiaceae). It is able to selectively oxyfunctionalize steroids such as testosterone (Kiebist et al., 2017). In addition to the UPOs mentioned above, other UPO-secreting fungi have been identified, for example, Agrocybe parasitica, Auricularia auricula-judae, Coprinopsis verticillata, and Marasmius wettsteinii, but their enzymes have not yet been fully characterized and published. First recombinant UPO (rCciUPO) from Coprinopsis cinerea was expressed a few years ago at the laboratory scale using Aspergillus oryzae as host organism (Babot et al., 2015b). Similarly, AaeUPO (PaDa-I variant) has been successfully expressed in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris with secretion levels of 8 and 200 mg per liter, respectively (Molina-Espeja et al., 2014; Molina-Espeja et al., 2015).
Addition of Trichocladium canadense to an anaerobic membrane bioreactor: evaluation of the microbial composition and reactor performance
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Hadi Fakhri, Duygu Nur Arabacı, İlayda Dilara Ünlü, Cigdem Yangin-Gomec, Suleyman Ovez, Sevcan Aydin
When it comes to bioaugmentation, hydrocarbon degrading bacteria take the spotlight. However, fungi, less considered alternatives, harbor potential advantages over bacteria such as their natural ability to degrade recalcitrant compounds, easier cultivation, and tolerance to higher levels of contaminants. Previous studies that focused on fungal bioaugmentation in bioreactors have reported efficient denitrification (Aldossari and Ishii 2021) and enhanced methanogenic degradation (Chen et al. 2017). Trichocladium canadense, a saprotrophic genus of fungi belonging to the family Chaetomiaceae, is mainly known for its efficient enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic compounds (Durrant 1996). Lignin degrading fungi were also reported to breakdown antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals (Wen et al. 2009; Singh et al. 2017). Therefore, T. canadense may be a strong candidate for degradation of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals.