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The science of nail polish, nail polish remover, and nail moisturizers
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Nail polish is a relatively safe cosmetic with only 3% of the users experiencing one or more untoward effects to it.10 The most common side-effects include allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and nail-plate staining. The most commonly identified allergen is tosylamide formaldehyde resin (TSFR), which is implicated in around 6.6% of the patch test-positive users. Other allergens identified include formaldehyde, polyester resin, dichloroethylene, amyl acetate, phthalates, guanine, acrylate, sulfonamide, nitrocellulose, and shellac. Of late, “hypoallergic nail polishes” have become popular and have replaced TSFR with cellulose, acetate, butyrate, and polyester resin. Patch-testing is done to confirm ACD to nail polish components, using the standard patch-test tray or by using the patient’s own bottle of polish. Contact dermatitis can occur locally, around the nail unit or at a distant site, such as face, eyelids, lips, and neck.11,12 Rarely, contact dermatitis in and around genitals and perianal region,10 and desquamative gingivitis,13 have been reported. The common adverse effects and their management have been summarized in Table 35.2.
New chromatographic insights on drug:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and their potential use in drug delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Marieta Constantin, Bogdan Cosman, Paolo Ascenzi, Bogdan C. Simionescu, Gheorghe Fundueanu
Pullulan (Pul), Mw = 200,000 g/mol, was purchased from Hayashibara Laboratories Ltd. (Okayama, Japan). β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) (Mw = 1380 g/mol), and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland). Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was purchased from Eastman Inc. (Kingsport, TN, USA). Deuterated water (D2O), glucose (Glu), and pullulan with Mw = 342 g/mol (Pul 342) were used as standard molecules with low molecular weights. Pullulans with molecular weight of 1320, 6200, 10,000, 23,000, 113,000, and 805,000 g/mol (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) and Blue dextran (BD, Mw = 2,000,000 g/mol) (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) were used as high molecular weight standards. Drugs and model compounds used as elutes in chromatography and for release studies were purchased from different suppliers; the chemical structures of eugenol, methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, and ibuprofen are shown below. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH = 7.4 was used both as an eluent and release medium.
Use of cellulose acetate butyrate as a carrier for preparation of alcohol-resistant matrix tablet
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Rebaz Ali, Langa Toufik, Andriy Dashevskiy
Polymers such as polyvinyl acetate (Kollidon® SR), ammonium methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit® RS/RL) and ethylcellulose (Ethocel®) are used as water-insoluble carriers (Katikaneni et al. 1995; Song et al. 2016; Ali 2017). Cellulose acetate butyrate esters are a group of water-insoluble polymers that dissolve in highly flammable organic solvents such as acetone. However, CAB with high hydroxyl level dissolves in a less dangerous organic solvent such as alcohol (Eastman 2006). Alcohol soluble CAB, as a water-insoluble polymer, was investigated as a new coating material for osmotic pump tablets (Ali et al. 2018). Despite the advantages of extended-release dosage forms, the potential drug release acceleration associated with alcohol consumption is a general concern. In mid-1970 through 1980, few studies were conducted to determine the effect of ethanol on the in vitro and in vivo dissolution of a drug from microencapsulated and extended-release tablets (Frömming and Topaloglu 1975; Frömming and Schwabe 1980). Hydromorphone, formulated into extended-release pellets (Palladone XL®) using ethylcellulose and Eudragit® RS, was withdrawn from the US market due to the potentially fatal dose dumping caused by alcohol (Meyer and Hussain 2005). Hence, there is a strong need to investigate the potential of alcohol to alter the drug release profile from extended-release products.