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The Scintillation Camera
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
The imaging couch is constructed from a material with low attenuating properties, such as carbon fibre, to ensure its presence does not adversely affect the scintigraphic image. The couch should be sufficiently strong to avoid sagging when fully extended. For hybrid systems containing both SPECT and CT imaging modalities, a sub-pallet is often required to ensure sufficient support is available to further extend the imaging couch beyond the gamma camera field of view and into the CT gantry. The sub-pallet does not have the same low-attenuation properties of the imaging couch, and care should be taken to ensure it is not present within the imaging field of view during an acquisition.
Osteoporotic distal femoral fractures
Published in Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn, Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
Cyril Mauffrey, Nicholas A. Alfonso
Finally, carbon-fiber-reinforced implants are gaining popularity due to material advantages. This implant trend can also be used in the setting of osteoporotic distal femur fractures. These implants have the advantage of being able to assess the quality of reduction in the sagittal plane, something difficult to assess using traditional metal implants. They also do not create metal artifact typically seen on CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, these carbon-fiber-reinforced implants can be manufactured to have properties more compliant than metal, better matching the modulus of elasticity of bone. Keep in mind that too much flexibility can potentially lead to pseudarthrosis, and the radiolucent nature of the material precludes direct visualization of the implants radiographically (although radiopaque markers are often added to help with visualization) (16). Pitfalls with the locking mechanisms of these implant have been highlighted in our personal experience. In addition, prospective studies will be required to support their use.
Voltammetry in Brain Slices
Published in Avital Schurr, Benjamin M. Rigor, BRAIN SLICES in BASIC and CLINICAL RESEARCH, 2020
As mentioned above, the small size of the microelectrode used in FCV means that it may be used to record extracellular electrophysiology. The low noise of the electrodes in voltage follower mode (comparable with tungsten) means that one can measure very small “spikes” with confidence.54 The suitability of carbon fiber for both electrochemical and electrophysiological recordings has led to the combination of the two methodologies. Since an FCV scan lasts only 15 to 20 msec, it is possible to repeat them one to four times per second and still use the interval to perform electrophysiological recordings.
Generalized inverted Kumaraswamy generated family of distributions: theory and applications
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2019
Farrukh Jamal, Muhammad Arslan Nasir, Gamze Ozel, M. Elgarhy, Naushad Mamode Khan
The data sets are obtained from Nichols and Padgett [23] and presented in Table 5. Suppose a process is producing carbon fibers to be used in constructing fibrous composite materials. Also, suppose it is desired that 99% of the fibers exceed a minimum tensile strength, i.e. the parameter of interest in this example is the first percentile of the tensile strength distribution. A decrease in the first percentile would indicate a decrease in tensile strength, and a control chart can be used to detect such changes. The Weibull distribution is a reasonable model for the tensile strength of such material. Carbon fibers of 50 mm in length were sampled from the process, tested, and their tensile strength observed. The upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) were computed from k subgroups of size n, assuming the process is stable. Data were simulated using a Weibull distribution with a shape parameter of 4.8 and a scale parameter of 3.2 (and thus, the first percentile 5 and 6.
A power log-Dagum distribution: estimation and applications
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2019
Hassan S. Bakouch, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Tassaddaq Hussain, Christophe Chesneau
The first data set represents the strength data originally reported in [3]. It represents the strength measured in GPa for single carbon fibers and impregnated 1000-carbon fiber tows. Carbon fiber tow is a bunch of carbon fibers, like a yarn, that are commonly woven into carbon fiber fabrics. Single fibers were tested under tension at a gauge length of 10 mm. Such data have been analyzed previously by Gupta and Kundu [11] and Asgharzadeh et al. [2]. The data are as follows: 1.901, 2.132, 2.203, 2.228, 2.257, 2.350, 2.361, 2.396, 2.397, 2.445, 2.454, 2.474, 2.518, 2.522, 2.525, 2.532, 2.575, 2.614, 2.616, 2.618, 2.624, 2.659, 2.675, 2.738, 2.740, 2.856, 2.917, 2.928, 2.937, 2.937, 2.977, 2.996, 3.030, 3.125, 3.139, 3.145, 3.220, 3.223, 3.235, 3.243, 3.264, 3.272, 3.294, 3.332, 3.346, 3.377, 3.408, 3.435, 3.493, 3.501, 3.537, 3.554, 3.562, 3.628, 3.852, 3.871, 3.886, 3.971, 4.024, 4.027, 4.225, 4.395, 5.020.
Stepping forward following lower limb amputation
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2018
Prasath Jayakaran, Natalie Vanicek
The physical asymmetry induced by a lower limb amputation significantly impacts on the functional well-being of the individual [3]. Trauma amputations originally focussed on life-saving procedures, without emphasis on preparing the residual stump for the application of a prosthesis. Nowadays, a patient’s post-operative management and return to normal life are equally important considerations in the rehabilitation process. Significant advances in biomedical sciences and prosthetics technology have contributed to highly sophisticated prosthetic limbs, evolving from wooden peg legs to bionic limbs, to state of the art carbon fibre prostheses used by sporting athletes. Numerous studies on different prosthetic parts have refined their structural and functional components, [4] which have been optimised with the goal of providing prosthetic function similar to a normal limb.