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The Genus Blumea
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Nessa et al. (2004) evaluated the free radical scavenging activity of isolated flavonoids of B. balsamifera and reported the order of activity as Quercetin (17) > Luteolin (1) > 5,7,3’,5’-tetrahydroxyflavanone (14) > Blumeatin (16) > Rhamnetin (20) > Tamarixetin > Luteolin-7-methyl ether (3) > Dihydroquercetin-4’-methyl ether (44) > Dihydroquercetin-4’,7-dimethyl ether (45) (Nessa et al., 2004). Further in another study, the XO inhibitory activity of the isolated flavonoids was evaluated by Nessa et al. (2010) which reported XO inhibitory activity in the order of: Allopurinol (positive control) > Luteolin (1) > Quercetin (17) > Tamarixetin (21) > 5,7,3’,5′-tetrahydroxyflavanone (14) > Rhamnetin (20) > Luteolin-7-methyl ether (3) > Blumeatin (16) > Dihydroquercetin-4′-methyl ether (44) > Dihydroquercetin-7,4′-dimethyl ether (45) > L-ascorbic acid (Nessa et al., 2010).
Various Applications of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao)
Published in Tariq Aftab, M. Naeem, M. Masroor, A. Khan, Artemisia annua, 2017
Himanshu Misra, Mauji Ram, Ashish Bharillya, Darshana Mehta, Bhupendra Kumar Mehta, Dharam Chand Jain
A. annua is a good source of different nutritional constituents and antioxidants (Das, 2012). Studies indicate that crude organic extracts of aerial parts have high antioxidant capacity, which is most probably because the leaves contains a high content and variety of flavonoids, including the newly reported C-glycosyl flavonoid as a possible component of the antioxidants. Flavonoids and the essential oil content present in A. annua impart antioxidant properties. Therefore, A. annua has ranked at the top of the list among other medicinal plants, based on the highest potential as an antioxidant (Ferreira and Janick, 2009; Juteau et al., 2002). Major groups of hydroxylated and polymethoxylated flavonoids have been identified, which further include chrysosplenol-D, cirsilineol, eupatin, chrysosplenetin, cirsilineol, casticin, and artemetin (Ferreira et al., 2010). Research studies have identified five bioactive flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavonol, blumeatin, 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,3′-trimethoxyflavone, and quercetin, respectively, and were further subjected to structural analysis (Yang et al., 2009). Artemisinin itself has not been used in mainstream clinical practice due to its poor bioavailability when compared to its analogues. Besides the antimalarial activity of A. annua, the herb was reported to have in vitro antioxidative activity. Kim et al. (2014) investigated the protective effect of aqueous ethanol extract of Qinghao (AA extract) against D-galactose–induced oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice. Feeding an AA extract‑containing diet lowered the serum levels of malondialdehyde and 8-OH-dG that are biomarkers for lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, respectively. Furthermore, AA extract–feeding enhanced the activity of NQO1, a typical antioxidant marker enzyme, in tissues such as the kidney, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. In conclusion, AA extract was found to have antioxidative activity in a mouse model.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia scoparia and its active constituent, 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid against activated mast cells
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2018
Sun-Young Nam, Na-Ra Han, So-Young Rah, Youngwan Seo, Hyung-Min Kim, Hyun-Ja Jeong
Despite the increasing prevalence of inflammatory disorders, their pathophysiologies have not been fully characterized and the current treatments are not sufficient. Patients with inflammation are treated with steroids. However, the use of these drugs is restricted because of their side effects31. Natural products have provided a primary source of drugs for hundreds of years and continue to do so even today32. Traditional medicinal herbs have potential benefits (few side effects and low cytotoxicity), can treat, prevent or cure numerous disorders and so research on the use of natural products in traditional medicine is now attracting great interest. AS have many pharmacological activities, including liver protection, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-atherogenic, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities12–14,33–35. Drupanin, methyl 3-[4′-hydroxyprenyl] coumarate, sakuranetin, naringenin, blumeatin, 3′,5,5′,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone, eriodictyol, 5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-6,5′-dimethoxyflavone, axillarin, hyperin, 7-methoxytaxifolin and vanillic acid were isolated from AS36. In this study, we newly isolated DEQA from AS. We observed that AS and DEQA decreased the inflammatory cytokine production. Therefore, we suggest that DEQA is a new active compound of AS on allergic inflammatory reaction.