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Bacitracin
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Bacitracin is a frequent sensitizer in North America, where it is widely used as an over-the-counter topical antibiotic preparation, often in combination with neomycin, for minor cuts and wounds; it is also often used for surgical wound dressings (for the allergenic risk of which dermatologists have repeatedly warned [58, 59, 60]), for irrigation during surgical procedures and in ophthalmological preparations. In most other countries, bacitracin is used far less often and consequently is not an important allergen. However, in the 1950s and 1960s, combination products of bacitracin and neomycin were available without prescription in Finland, which led to many cases of sensitization (33). Indeed, in the 1960s, a sensitization rate of 7.8% to bacitracin was found in routine testing of 17, 500 patients in a period of 12 years. An increase in frequency of sensitivity to bacitracin closely paralleled the increase in consumption of neomycin-bacitracin ointment (47). Because of the combined presence of neomycin and bacitracin in such products, many patients became sensitized to both antibiotics. Thus, of patients with positive patch tests to neomycin, 66% (45) and 88% (44) co-reacted to bacitracin. Conversely, in one study, all 99 patients with positive bacitracin patch tests also reacted to neomycin (33). This is not the result of cross-sensitization (dissimilar chemical structures), but of concomitant sensitization to neomycin and bacitracin in the same product.
Bacitracin and Gramicidin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Bacitracin is mainly used topically for the treatment of skin, eye, and ear infections, and the prevention of wound infections. It is especially used for minor skin injuries, such as cuts, scrapes, or burns. Although it has been in use for almost half a century, it has only quite recently been recognized as a potent sensitizer, with occasional anaphylaxis. Thus, bacitracin should be used with caution.
Posterior auricular muscle patch graft for exposed orbital implant
Published in Orbit, 2019
Catherine Y. Liu, Michael G. Sun, Scott Jones, Pete Setabutr
1% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 parts epinephrine was injected subcutaneously in the post auricular area near the site of incision (Figure 1) and on the helix of the external ear. The post auricular area was then exposed by placement of a 4-0 silk traction suture through the helix and rotated anteriorly to the cheek. An incision was made in the post auricular crease using a #15 blade. Dissection was continued subcutaneously where the posterior auricular muscle and fascia were identified. An appropriately sized patch graft was harvested using a #15 blade and scissors and set aside in sterile saline. Good hemostasis was achieved using electrocautery. The wound was then closed in layers using buried 4-0 vicryl sutures to re-approximate the remaining posterior auricular muscle and interrupted 4-0 vicryl to close the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Bacitracin ointment was applied to the post auricular donor site. Perioperative IV cefazolin was given.
Regulatory role of thiol isomerases in thrombus formation
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2018
Bacitracin is a topical antibiotic used as an inhibitor of thiol isomerases in the laboratory for decades [102]. It is a non-specific inhibitor of thiol isomerases, low in potency, and highly nephrotoxic, precluding its clinical use as an antithrombotic agent. Similarly, aminoglycosides bind and inhibit PDI but only in toxic doses. Several synthetic PDI antagonists have also been synthesized in recent years. To give an example, ML359 was identified as a potent, selective inhibitor of PDI by high throughput screening of another small molecule library after discovery of flavonoids as PDI inhibitors [103]. Other examples include juniferdin, PACMA-31, adenanthin, phenyl vinyl sulfonate, and RB-11-ca that have been tested for other indications but not thrombosis [104]. Inhibitors of other non-PDI thiol isomerases as antithrombotic agents have not been tested.
The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Maria Assunta Potenza, Monica Montagnani, Luigi Santacroce
Antimicrobial agents that do not belong to the above described groups include, among others, bacitracin, novobiocin, oxazolidinones, and streptogramins. Bacitracin has a similar antimicrobial spectrum to benzylpenicillin and acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the cell wall of susceptible bacteria [124]. Novobiocin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug that binds to magnesium ions, which are essential for the stability of the cell wall of susceptible bacteria and causes cell membrane damage, concomitantly interfering with DNA synthesis [125].