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Local Anesthetics
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Elena González Burgos, Luis Luis García-García, M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos, Francisca Gómez Oliver
Articaine (Fig. 15.8), one of the most recently approved LAs, is noted for its effectiveness, rapid action, and tolerability. Articaine is available commercially as a single injection of 4% articaine solution associated with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine (1:100,000 and 1:200,000) and it is indicated for anesthesia in minor dentistry procedures by infiltration and nerve block in adults and children over 4 years of age. The pulpal anesthesia duration of action ranged from 45 to 75 min and the duration of action of soft tissue is around 120–140 min (Malamed et al., 2001; Yapp et al., 2011). In a meta-analysis study, it was observed that articaine 4% was as potent local anesthetic as lidocaine 2% by infiltration route of administration to provide pulpal anesthesia (Brandt et al., 2011).
Local Anesthetics and Anesthetic Solutions: Classification, Mode of Action and Dosages
Published in Marwali Harahap, Adel R. Abadir, Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dermatologic Surgery, 2019
Articaine was originally developed for use in dentistry. However, it was found that its unique chemical structure—though being an amide-type anesthetic—allows the body to rapidly inactivate articaine that is taken up by the circulation. Since this is a fast process, the drug may be reinjected within a relatively short period, if necessary. It is now used for nerve blocks and infiltrations also outside dental surgery. Recently, it was used for tumescent anesthesia and all studies showed that it is as effective for liposuction, varicose veins, and skin tumor surgery as the classical lidocaine or prilocaine solutions (25–28) (see below).
The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Enes Özkan, Erman Şenel, Mehmet Cihan Bereket, Mehmet Emin Önger
The test animals were not fed the day before the procedure. The subjects to be operated on were randomly selected without knowing which group they belonged to. For general anaesthesia, 50 mg/kg ketamine HCL and 8 mg/kg xylazine HCL were administered intramuscularly to all animals. Local anaesthesia with 0.5 ml of articaine containing 1:200000 epinephrine was applied to the surgical area. After shaving the left mandible of the rabbits and providing aseptic conditions with povidone iodine, a 3 cm long linear incision was made at the inferior border of the left mandible. A full-thickness flap was elevated. The osteotomy line was performed along the premolar tooth and the mental foramen. Before the osteotomy was performed, a custom-made titanium distractor that could be lengthened by 10 mm was positioned parallel to the lower border of the mandible with six titanium mini-screws (Figure 3). Then, the bone osteotomy was performed with the help of fissure burs and osteotomes under sterile saline irrigation and taking care to avoid mental nerve damage. The incision area was closed in layers with 4/0 polyglactin 910 sutures. After the latency period, the distraction protocol was applied for ten days with a distraction rate of 0.35 mm/12 h.
Laser microporation facilitates topical drug delivery: a comprehensive review about preclinical development and clinical application
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Yiwen Zhao, Jewel Voyer, Yibo Li, Xinliang Kang, Xinyuan Chen
AFL was also effective to increase the rate of topical anesthetics delivery. Five minutes after AFL-assisted topical lidocaine delivery, patients experienced significantly less pain after exposed to laser stimuli as compared to sham laser-assisted topical lidocaine delivery, which failed to reduce pain when compared to sham medication treatment [66]. Meesters et al. found 10 min of AFL-assisted articaine hydrochloride (40 mg/ml) and epinephrine (10 mg/ml) (AHES) delivery could significantly reduce pain induced by laser stimuli [67]. In another study, Meesters et al. compared two different AFLs (UltraPulse Lumenis CO2 and P.L.E.A.S.E. laser) to facilitate topical AHES delivery with 15 min occlusion in healthy volunteers [68]. Significantly reduced pain was observed in AFL groups and the two AFL groups showed no significant difference in reducing the pain scores [68]. Furthermore, increase of skin MC density from 5% to 15% led to significantly reduced pain scores in both AFLs [68]. These studies indicated AFL could be used to induce a quick response of topical anesthetics.
Is it possible to extract lower third molars with infiltration anaesthesia techniques using articaine? A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Rui Figueiredo, Stavros Sofos, Eduardo Soriano-Pons, Octavi Camps-Font, Gemma Sanmarti-García, Cosme Gay-Escoda, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
Articaine is a local anaesthetic that contains a thiophene group. It is considered safe and effective, and has an adequate duration for L3M extractions [8–10]. Recently, some studies have assessed the efficacy of articaine in achieving pulpal anaesthesia with infiltration techniques in the buccal and/or lingual areas of the mandibular teeth, with promising results [5–7,11,12]. El-Kholey [13] suggested that infiltrating 3.6 cc of articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 in the buccal area and 0.4 cc in the lingual zone would be sufficient to extract a L3M in most cases. Although some published studies have compared the anaesthetic effects of infiltration techniques and IANB, to the best of our knowledge no randomised clinical trials have been conducted in L3M extractions.