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Antiasthma Agents during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Aminophylline and theophylline are available for parenteral use, and there are numerous oral theophylline preparations. The range for therapeutic plasma concentrations of theophylline is between 10 and 20 mg/mL. It is important to consider the wide variation in dosage required to achieve this plasma concentration in pregnant patients because of differences in pregnancy stage, CYP-1A2, and volume of distribution. Caution must be used because of potential maternal and neonatal toxicity. Parenteral aminophylline is given as a loading dose of 5–6 mg/kg body weight infused over 20–30 min followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2–0.9 mg/kg/h. Loading dose should be reduced by half or completely omitted for patients already taking oral theophylline preparations. Aminophylline was used in the past for initial asthma therapy and as polytherapy with beta-adrenergic agonists.
Pulmonary Lymph and Lymphatics
Published in Waldemar L. Olszewski, Lymph Stasis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, 2019
Preload reduction by rotating tourniquets, nitrates, and morphine may also be useful. Aminophylline may also increase contractility, reduce peripheral resistance, and dilate the airways.
Paper 4 Answers
Published in James Day, Amy Thomson, Tamsin McAllister, Nawal Bahal, Get Through, 2014
James Day, Amy Thomson, Tamsin McAllister, Nawal Bahal
Aminophylline is a methylated xanthine derivative that is used in the management of asthma, COPD and cardiac failure. It acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzymes, preventing the breakdown of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). The accumulation of cAMP causes a variety of tissue specific effects. There are a number of different phosphodiesterase enzymes; phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) is found in the cardiac myocyte and is specifically inhibited by drugs such as milrinone and enoximone. Aminophylline however is non-specific.
Effects of low-dose furosemide combined with aminophylline on the renal function in septic shock patients
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Zhenhua Mai, Yaying Tan, Yang Zhu, Zilong Yang, Hongpeng Chen, Shuting Cai, Wangwang Hu, Xiaoyan Wang, Fenghua Ding, Liehua Deng
A total of 109 patients were randomly divided into a control group (n = 55) and an intervention group (n = 54) (Figure 1). All patients received septic shock bundle treatment for 6 h, such as fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, antibiotics and so on. The intervention group was treated with low-dose furosemide (0.048 mg/kg.h−1) and aminophylline (0.3 mg/kg.h−1) for 7 days. This dose of aminophylline can maintain the blood drug concentration at 10-20 µg/ml degrees according to the drug use instructions to ensure the best treatment effect and avoid adverse reactions. The administration of normal saline in the control group was conducted with a total dose of 48 mL and an average rate of 2 mL/h. The duration of normal saline administration in the control group was also 7 days. According to the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, CRRT is initiated when AKI grade 2 is combined with volume overload or hyperkalemia or metabolic acidosis. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), GFR, creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), urine output, hematocrit, albumin, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and CRRT time were recorded daily.
History of asthma in Canada
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Acute asthma treatment throughout the first half of the 20th century was dominated by the use of parenteral epinephrine.39–43 Epinephrine, a nonselective α and ß adrenergic agonist and an important autonomic neurotransmitter, was identified in 1901 and synthesized in 1904.44 Toward the end of this half-decade, mention is made of the acute use of nebulized epinephrine.43 Atropine received occasional mention39,41 but was regarded as less reliable.41 Aminophylline, administered either intravenously or rectally, was added to the treatment of acute asthma in the 1940s.42–43 The remainder of treatments were nonspecific and included morphine,41 ether,41 chloroform,41 potassium iodide,39,40 amyl nitrate1,3 and others.
Thai pediatricians' current practice toward childhood asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2018
Harutai Kamalaporn, Pongpan Chawalitdamrong, Aroonwan Preutthipan
Short-acting bronchodilator (SABA) and systemic corticosteroids were considered to be appropriate. Most respondents in our study chose nebulized SABA as a rescue medication which conforms to the guidelines. According to asthma guidelines and previous studies [7,8,17,18], MDI-SABA with a VHC have been shown to be efficient and could be an alternative treatment for bronchospasms in acute asthma exacerbation. Few Thai pediatricians chose this treatment in an emergency setting, but most chose it as a discharge medication. This is in contrast with Vichyanond's study in 2001, which reported that only 9% [3] of the physicians prescribe MDI-SABA at discharge, compared to 95% in our study. Intravenous aminophylline was no longer popular in this study which was appropriate.