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Application of Bioresponsive Polymers in Drug Delivery
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Manisha Lalan, Deepti Jani, Pratiksha Trivedi, Deepa H. Patel
Self-assembled cationic nanocomplexes were fabricated from interaction of poly(amidoamine)s with oppositely charged proteins. Two variants of poly(amidoamine)s were synthesized for the studies. These water-soluble polymers condensed human serum albumin (HSA) by self-assembly into stable nanoscaled and positively-charged complexes. They had mucoadhesive properties and rapidly destabilized in intracellular compartment because of cleavage of the repetitive disulfide linkages. The nanocomplexes underwent significant cellular uptake in cell line studies [40].
Cationic Surfactants and Quaternary Derivatives for Hair and Skin Care
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Matthew F. Jurczyk, David T. Floyd, Burghard H. Grüning
Alkylamidopropyl functions can be used to overcome disadvantages associated with long-chain fatty quaternaries. Typical problems associated with the use of quaternary compounds include anionic incompatibility, buildup on hair, negative efect on foam, and/or hazing in clear systems (76). Amidoamine salts can also be used to overcome these problems. Amidoamine salts also display a reduced tendency to build up on hair and can offer better "body" than their quaternary ammonium counterparts (77).
Medication: Nanoparticles for Imaging and Drug Delivery
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Dendrimers (or dendrons) are repeatedly branched, typically highly symmetric compounds (named from the Greek dendron, meaning “tree”). Unlike most polymers, which are formed by undirected additions of monomer unit building blocks, a dendrimer of any given chemical composition consists of distinct molecules of uniform structure and molecular weight. High molecular weight dendrimer macromolecules may be considered a very special case of polymers; they are also variously referred to as highly branched polymers, hyperbranched polymers, brush polymers, dendrimer star polymers, and dendrimer-like polymers. The importance of dendrimers for medical imaging and drug delivery is that the repeated branches provide multiple uniform and tunable sites for amplification of imaging enhancement and/or drug delivery functionality. Also, their controllable uniform macro-molecular size gives uniform dispersion rates for drug delivery kinetics (monodispersivity) [137-139]. A widely used dendrimer for drug delivery is poly(amidoamine), abbreviated as PAMAM [140].
Investigation of HUVEC response to exposure to PAMAM dendrimers – changes in cell elasticity and vesicles release
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Agnieszka Maria Kołodziejczyk, Magdalena Maria Grala, Aleksandra Zimon, Kamila Białkowska, Bogdan Walkowiak, Piotr Komorowski
Dendrimers are organic chemical compounds with regular, branched structure, composed of sequentially linked multifunctional units. They consist of a central core molecule surrounded by branches called dendrons, and are terminated with functional surface groups (Białkowska et al. 2021). The essential feature of these nanostructures is their generation, defined as the number of layers attached to the core and denoted as Gn, where n can range from 0 to 12 (Janaszewska et al. 2019). The object of our interest is poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with an ethylenediamine core, widely researched for use in biomedical sciences. Due to the surface groups that can perform a variety of functions, PAMAM dendrimers have potential applications as gene transporter, clinical imaging contrast agents, dendrimer vaccines, antiviral, and antibacterial agents. Most dendrimers show good water solubility. Such a property is necessary for potential drug carriers, it also determines a high bioavailability. The possibility of using them as carriers of medicinal substances, especially in drug delivery systems (Tomalia 2005; Lee et al. 2005; Klajnert and Bryszewska 2007), which allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce side effects, seems to be of particular interest. In order to understand their properties well and be able to use them in the desired way in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, it is also necessary to carefully verify their possible toxic mechanisms, both in vivo and in vitro.
Promising treatment strategies to combat Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections: an updated review
Published in Biofouling, 2020
P. S. Seethalakshmi, Riya Rajeev, George Seghal Kiran, Joseph Selvin
As mentioned earlier, chitosan is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer formulated into nanoparticles and extensively used for gene and drug delivery. Chitosan nanoparticles offer a variety of administration routes and facilitate the steady release of drugs, making it an attractive tool in nanomedicine (Giri 2019). Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with curcumin showed a steady release of the compound and exhibited anti-biofilm activity against mono-biofilms and dual-biofilms of S. aureus and C. albicans (Ma et al. 2020). Dendrimers are polymeric nanomaterials that have monodisperse structures in the form of branches (Tomalia and Fréchet 2002). Primary amine-functionalized poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) is a dendrimer that can act as NO donor and therefore, has been utilized as an anti-biofilm agent in many studies (Lu et al. 2013). Liu et al. (2020) combined chitosan and PAMAM to form copolymers which can deliver methicillin into MRSA biofilms. In vivo studies in rats with MRSA wound infections showed a quicker re-epithelization of wounds within 10 days of treatment. MRSA was completely absent in the wound exudates post 7 days of treatment, warranting its potent use in curing wound infections.
Overcoming the stability, toxicity, and biodegradation challenges of tumor stimuli-responsive inorganic nanoparticles for delivery of cancer therapeutics
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Juan L. Paris, Alejandro Baeza, María Vallet-Regí
Yang et al. showed that PEGylated graphene did not induce any adverse toxic effects in mice [109]. This indicates that, although graphene is not biodegradable, coating with hydrophilic polymers can enhance its in vivo biocompatibility [110]. PEGylated graphene showed no absorption after oral administration with almost complete excretion [111]. Intraocularly administered GO was well tolerated [112]. Upon intraperitoneal injection, PEGylated GO was seen to accumulate in liver and spleen [78,111]. Besides PEGylation, graphene surface modification with other polymers has also been proposed to improve its biocompatibility [113]. Modification of GO with dextran improved its stability in suspension (Figure 4), while it also enhanced its biocompatibility with HeLa cells [114]. Modification of GO with Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer enhanced aqueous dispersibility and produced a hybrid material with almost no toxicity toward MDA-MB-231 cells, although the PAMAM dendrimer alone did show some toxicity for the same cells [115]. Modification of GO with pluronic F127 greatly enhanced dispersibility, although in this case, the modified material did show some toxicity in vitro [116]. Polydopamine-modified rGO had ultralow hemolytic potential and exhibited very low toxicity toward HUVEC cells [117]. Xu et al. have suggested that graphene functionalization with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) could be an alternative to PEGylation with better performance in improving in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility [118].