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Paracoccidioidomycosis
Published in Rebecca A. Cox, Immunology of the Fungal Diseases, 2020
Beatriz Jimenez-Finkel, Angela Restrepo-Moreno
Conversion from the mycelial to the yeast form is accompanied not only by a change in colony appearance but also by important alterations in cell-wall composition, from beta-glucan in the mycelium wall to alpha-glucan in the yeast. Chitin content of the inner layer is also higher in the yeast form.5–8 It has been demonstrated that the virulence of a P. brasiliensis strain is directly related to the amount of alpha-glucan present on its outer layer.9,10 Since this polysaccharide is not digested by macrophages, it is thought to represent a factor which may confer resistance to phagocytosis and digestion by the lysosomal enzymes of these cells.11
Topical prebiotics/postbiotics and PRURISCORE validation in atopic dermatitis. International study of 396 patients
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Carlo Gelmetti, Corinna Rigoni, Alessandra Maria Cantù, Antonina Agolzer, Alice Agrusa, Michela Brena, Federica Dall’Oglio, Patrizia Demichelis, Sandra Farina, Lucretia Adina Frasin, Sandra Lorenzi, Giuseppina Mazzola, Marisa Praticò, Stefania Robotti, Aurora Tedeschi, Lucia Villa, Prodromos Ananiadis, Eirini Arkoumani, Iulia Astashonok, Eulalia Baselga Torres, Sidita Borici, Elna Cano, Rozana Cela, Amarda Cengo, Francisca Corella, Xavier Cubiro Raventos, Miriam America De Jesus Silva, Ermira Demiraj, Entela Dhima, Xhiljola Doci, Anna Domarad, Marina Didyk, Albana Dyli, Ourania Efthimiou, Georgia Filippi, Víctor-Adrian Flores Climente, Maria Pilar Garcia Muret, Javier Garcia Navarro, Migena Gega, Aristea Noura Giakoub, Vasileios Giakoubis, Amarda Gica, Marjeta Gjomema, Blerina Guri, Elmijola Janushaj, Antonios Kanelleas, Georgia Kanelopoulou, Entela Kapaj, Dorothea Kapoukranidou, Konstantina Karadima, Athina Katsavou, Lena Kotrulja, Aikaterini Kyriakou, Georgios Larios, Anna Lopez, Cristina Lopez, Sofia Magdalini Manoli, Tatiana Matvienko, Liljana Mervic, Konstantinos Mileounis, Diana Muja, Milkota Nadezhda, Despoina Panagioti, Markos Papakonstantis, Maria Papanikou, Despoina Papathemeli, Kyriaki Papigkioti, Violetta Pivak, Driada Preza, Esther Roé, Mirjam Rogl Butina, Esther Serra Baldrich, Dimitrios Sgouros, Aleksandra Shilova, Eljona Shllaku, Nikolaos Sideris, Ermal Sina, Ardiana Sinani, Fani Sourli-Chasioti, Mirsa Stankaj, Dimitra Tasioula, Athanasios Tsalmadoupis, Fragkiski Tsatsou, Eftichia Tsenebi, Anastasia Tsitlakidou, Politimos Vassis, Eva Vilarrassa, Olga Vorobey, Nikolaos Voutsakis, Svetlana Yakovleva, Svetlana Yakubovskaya, Ekaterina Yerygina, Alexios Zarras, Valbona Zenelaj, Olga Zenko
While the attack on the immunological side of Atopic Dermatitis had a first major success with the advent of dupilumab, the attack on the dermatological side was lagging behind. On the one hand, topical crisaborole has proved relatively inefficient and not well tolerated by a not inconsiderable percentage of patients (and in any case it is a drug available in very few countries, as well as having a very high price). On the other hand, the use of probiotics on the skin is currently fraught with legal and conceptual problems (16,17). This obstacle has been overcome by the topical use of prebiotics and postbiotics (18–20), which do not have the limitations of probiotics. In addition to classic moisturizing substances such as sodium lactate, glycerin and shea butter and anti-itch substances such as niacinamide, vitamin E and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the product under investigation contains a prebiotic (alpha-glucan oligosaccharide) and a postbiotic (lactobacillus ferment).
Porphyromonas gingivalis diffusible signaling molecules enhance Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm formation via gene expression modulation
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Yukiko Yamaguchi-Kuroda, Yuichiro Kikuchi, Eitoyo Kokubu, Kazuyuki Ishihara
To evaluate the effect of P. gingivalis on F. nucleatum in coculture, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. At FDR <0.05, 176 differentially expressed genes were obtained (Figure 3a). Among these, the genes from the coculture showing a log2-fold difference of >1.5 compared with their expression in the monoculture of F. nucleatum, p < 0.05, and FDR <0.05 were selected (Figure 3b). In F. nucleatum cocultured with P. gingivalis, 139 genes (4.9%) were differentially expressed compared with those in monocultured F. nucleatum. Among them, 52 genes were upregulated (Table 1), including the gene encoding the galactose inhibitable autotransporter adhesion Fap2, a protein involved in porphyrin metabolism (cobK and Cobart-precorrin 5A hydrolase), chaperone proteins (ClpB, DnaK, and DnaJ), proteins involved in polysaccharide synthesis (glycogen synthase, GlgG, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, 1,4-alpha-glucan branching protein GlgB, and GalU), and proteins involved in membrane transport (basic amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein, amino acid ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, DMT family transporter, AzlC family ABC transporter permease, branched-chain amino acid transporter permease, basic amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein, efflux RND transporter permease subunit, ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, energy-coupling factor transporter transmembrane protein EcfT, autotransporter serine protease fusolisin, ABC transporter permease, and ABC transporter ATP-binding protein). Interestingly, the expression of fomA did not show an increase in the RNA-sequencing.